Kusvikira ikozvino, pane pfungwa yokuti vana vasati vasvika havasati vambofanana nevamwe vose, vachave vasina kukwana mumuviri uye mupfungwa. Nemhaka yezvipikisa izvi, vana vakawanda vanoberekwa vasati vashandurwa shoko racho vanozosiyiwa muchipatara chekuberekwa. Ngatiedzei kuona kuti zvinhu zvakamira sei.
Ndeapi vana vanoonekwa sevasati vasvika?
Zvisikwa zvine nguva yekuvandudza intrauterine yenguva yemberi mwana, uye inopedza vhiki makumi mana. Munguva iyi, nhengo dzomukati nehutachiona hurikudzika hunovandudza kuitira kuti uwane nyika yakavapoteredza nekuchengetedza zvizere. Mwana asati aberekwa asati aberekwa anoberekwa kubva kumasvondo makumi maviri nemasere kusvika ku37 ane uremu hwemuviri hunopfuura 2.5 kg uye hurefu hwemuviri kusvika masendimita 45. Zvisinei, WHO, inotarisa zvinotevera zvinokonzerwa nekubudirira kwe fetus: gestational age makore makumi maviri nemaviri, uremu hunopfuura 0.5 kg, urefu hwemuviri kubva 25 cm, imwechete pfuti yakanyorwa.
Sei mwana angaberekwa asati asvika?
Kana mwana akaberekwa nguva isati yapera, haisi nguva dzose kugona kuziva zvikonzero zveizvi. Maererano nekutsvakurudza, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotyisa zvinokonzera hunozivikanwa, pakati pawo:
- vakwegura kana kuti vaduku zvikuru amai, baba;
- kuchengetedza maamai nzira isina kunaka yeupenyu;
- kukanganisa kwezvinetso zvebasa;
- pele kubvisa pamuviri;
- Kubata pamuviri mushure mokuzvarwa patsva (makore masere kusvika 2);
- multiple fertility ;
- chisingatauri pathologi mumamai;
- kuderedza zvirwere;
- kushungurudzika mumuviri;
- intrauterine kuputsika mu fetus.
Zviratidzo zvevana vasati vasvika
Hapana chakajeka "mutsara" chinotarisa kuti mwana anogona kurarama sei, uye kukurukurirana kukuru kunobatanidzwa pamusoro pechinyorwa chekuda kwekurapa kwakakodzera kwevana vasati vasvika. Munyika yedu panguva ino, hupenyu hwevana vakadai, vakazvarwa norema 500 g, hunochengetedzwa nemutemo, hupiro hwekunyorwa kwavo kwakamanikidzwa nekuyamwisa.
Kuvhiringidza vana vasati vasvika vanoberekwa, kwete kugadzirirwa mamiriro ezvinhu ekuwedzera kwekuvapo. Nhengo dzavo dzinokosha dzisati dzakura zvakakwana uye hadzina kugadzirira kushanda zvakazvimiririra. Mitswanda yakadaro ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvekunze izvo zvinozvisiyanisa kubva kuvana vanozvarwa panguva:
- zvishoma nezvishoma kureba uye kurema;
- kusimba kwakasimba kwezvikamu zvemuviri;
- mapfupa akareruka;
- nhengo dzekuberekwa dzisingabatsiri;
- kuvapo kwekanyori kumusana nemapfudzi;
- ganda rakaoma uye rakaonda;
- kusavapo kwemafuta mashoma;
- zvakanyatsovharwa maziso;
- kuderedza motokari basa, nezvimwewo.
Zviratidzo zvakarongwa mumarudzi akasiyana asati aberekwa zvinogona kuvapo zvishoma kana zvakaoma. Mukuwedzera, vacheche vasati vasvika vanoratidzwa nekusafungidzirwa kusina kufungidzirwa, kusasvika kwemaitiro epascular, nekushaya nzara. Vane matambudziko nekugadzirisa kwemapapu, kutengesa kwemuviri , kukurudzirwa kwemakemikari ekudya. Inofanira kurangarirwa kuti nekufamba kwenguva, kana maitiro akaitwa, mwana achaita sechechechecheche mwana akazvarwa, uye nhengo dzose dzichawana basa ravo rakaitwa.
Kurema kwevana vasati vasvika
Zvichienderana nehutachiwana hwevana vasati vasvika pazvinosvika pakuva, zvidimbu zviduku zvekutanga kubuda zvakasiyana:
- Ini-kubva muna 2001 kusvika pa 2500 g (chiedza chechiedza);
- II - kubva muna 1501 kusvika muna 2000 g (kuenzanisa kusarura);
- III - kubva pa1001 kusvika ku1500 g (yakadzama prematurity);
- IV - pasi pe1000 g (yakapera nguva refu).
Dhigirii rekufananidza hakubatanidzi kwete chete nehuwandu huwandu, asiwo nezviratidzo zvekukura kwakakura kwechimiro. Semuenzaniso, zvinowanzoitika kuti majeko anoberekwa ane uremu hwe2,5 kg, asi kukura kwezvikamu nemabasa zvakaderera kune avo vakawana panguva yekuberekwa 2 kg. Kana mwana wacho akadzikama, inotanga kukura. Pakati pevhesi, kuwedzera kunogona kuva 90-120 g kwemazuva manomwe, uye nemwedzi wechina-wechishanu wehupenyu hutatu hwemuviri hutatu.
Kukura kwevana vasati vasvika
Mucheche, uyo akaberekwa asati asvika, anowanzove nemuviri wepakati mukati ma 45-35 masikati. Ichi chiratidzo chinoenderana nenguva yekutanga. Mune ramangwana, tinofanira kutarisira kuwedzera kwakadaro mukukura: anenge 2,5-5.5 masikati pamwedzi mukati mehafu yekutanga yeupenyu, anenge 0.5-3 cm - munguva yehafu yegore. Saka, mushure mekupera kwegore, muviri hurefu hunowedzera ne 26-38 masentimita pagore.
Preterm vacheche - migumisiro
Kuwedzera kwekuremara uye matambudziko kunowanikwa mumucheche asina kukwana, kunyange zvazvo pane zviitiko apo vana vane mashoma zvakanyanya mashoma havana kungopona, asi vakanga vasina matambudziko ehutano chaihwo. Iko kune zvakawanda zvakawanda zvingava netariro kune avo vakazvarwa vane uremu hwe kilogram kana kupfuura. Pakusika mamiriro akadai, vana vakadaro mushure memakore mashomanana havakwanisi kune avo vakaberekerwa mumutauro wekare.
Ngatitaurirei kuti zvirwere zvevana vasati vasvika zvinogona kuonekwa sei:
- infantile cerebral palsy ;
- hydrocephalus;
- vegetovascular dystonia;
- kutadza kutaura;
- astigmatism;
- kupona-kuona;
- strabismus ;
- kunzwa kutadza;
- kukanganisa kwepfungwa;
- kuwedzerwa kukura kune zvirwere, nezvimwewo.
Kukura kwevana vasati vasvika pamwedzi kusvika pagore
Yakave yakasimbiswa kuti kubudirira kwevana vekutanga kwegore kunotsanangurirwa kwete chete nemakore ekugwinya uye uremu hwenyama, asiwo nehuwandu hwehutano, hutano hwezvinhu. Kazhinji, nechinzvimbo chakanaka, nezera remakore maviri, vari kusangana nevezera ravo maererano neanthropometric, kutaura uye psychomotor performance, dzimwe nguva zvinotora makore 3-6.
Usakanganwa kuti zvakanyanya hazvirevi chete kune vashandi, asiwo pamakumbo evabereki. Zvakakosha kushanda, uye chigumisiro hachizokuchengetedza iwe kumirira, uye mwana achafara nemutsva uye zvitsva zvinobudirira. Vana vacheche vasati vasvika, kukurudzirwa kwaro pamwedzi kunotevera purogiramu chaiyo, mumatambudziko akawanda zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mezwi, iyo inogona kutorwa kubva patafura ine deta yakawanda.
Skill type | Vana vanoyera kusvika 1500 g, mwedzi. | Vana vanoyera kusvika ku2 g, mwedzi. | Vana vanoyera kusvika 2500 g, mwedzi. | Vakapedza vana, mwedzi. |
Kuchengetedza pane zvinoonekwa, zvinhu zvekuongorora | 3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
Kubata musoro uri pachigaro pamimba | 5 | 4 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
Inodzoka kubva kumashure kumamumbo | 7-8 | 6-7 | 5-6 | 5-6 |
Crawl | 11-12 | 10-11 | 8-9 | 7-8 |
Kuzvigadzirira | 10-11 | 9-10 | 8-9 | 6-7 |
Imire pamakumbo pasina rubatsiro | 12-14 | 11-12 | 10-11 | 9-11 |
Matanho ekutanga | 14-16 | 12-15 | 12-13 | 11-12 |
Kuchengeta mwana asati azvarwa
Kuti mwana asati azvarwa asati avepo, anofanira kuumba mamiriro akadai akafanana neaya ari mudumbu raamai. Mabasa mazhinji anokosha echimiro chechidiki anoda rubatsiro rwekugadzirira uye, vana vaduku vasati vasvika vanorema, kunyanya zviyero zvinoshandiswa nehutano hwechiremba, avo vane ruzivo rwevashandi.
Kushandisa vana vasati vasvika
Kana mwana asati azvarwa asati aberekwa, kutarisirwa kwacho kunotanga kuitika munharaunda huru yekuchengetedza. Mwana anoiswa mumubatanidzwa umo kushandiswa kwekufema, kupisa uye kutonhora kunoramba kuchiongororwa, kufema kwemafupa emapapu, nekudya zvokudya kunoitwa. Nekwenyoro uye ine unyoro wehutachiona, mwana anogona kuiswa mumubhedha wakatsamwa. Nguva yekugadziriswa kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika kumwedzi, uye muhupo hwehutachiona, zvinotora nguva yakareba.
Mune mamwe masangano ezvokurapa, ucheche "kangaroo" hunofunga kuti hunogamuchirwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana anogona kufema nekudya akazvimiririra, ari kugara achibata muviri namai - pachifuva chake kana mudumbu. Kuvonga neizvi, iyo yakagadziriswa inoenda kune iyo mamiriro matsva panzvimbo iyo, inokura zviri nani. Mushure mokusununguka kubva kuchipatara, vana vasati vatanga kuberekwa vanofanira kuongororwa nguva dzose navanachiremba, kunyanya mugore rokutanga.
Kudyisa vacheche vacheche
Kudya vana vasati vasvika kunokosha zvikuru. Mune kusavapo kwekumedza kunwisa, kufunganya kwevana vasati vasvika, umo mahomoni, amino acids, enzyme, glucose nezvimwe zvikamu zvinowedzerwa, zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nehutachi. Mumatambudziko akakura, parenteral inhavenous interevenous inorongwa. Apo mwana anodzidza kunwa, anodyiswa kubva muhombodo neine pacifier, zvishoma gare gare - anoshandiswa kubhokisi (ane uremu hunenge 1.8 kg).
Nherera yevana vasati vasvika kubva muvhiki yechipiri yehupenyu inogona kuve yakakonzerwa nemukaka wamai, iyo inyaya iyi inonyanya kukoshesa kusanganiswa kwemaitiro. Kunyanya kudya kwevana vasati vatanga kunotanga pasina kumberi kupfuura mwedzi ye7-8, i.e. 1-2 mwedzi mushure mokunge vana vanogara vacheche, izvo zvinotsanangurwa nehutano hwekutsvaga kwekugadzirisa chirwere.