Ndiani ari gargoyle munhu ari madhimoni anokonzera masimba emakwikwi pasi pesimba raMwari. Anoshumira vatumwa nekuda kwekuchengetedza nyika yakarongeka. Inoshandurwa kubva muchiLatini - gargoyle - symbiosis yemashoko okuti "pharynx" uye "whirlpool". Maererano neimwe shanduro, kuchema kwavo kwakanga kwakafanana nekuputika, pane imwe-iyo yaiva chiratidzo chimwechete chekusingaperi, semvura.
Gargoyle - ndiani uyu?
Gargoyles inowanika mumanzwiro akasiyana-siyana, ivo vanonyatsozivikanwa, nokuda kwenyaya dzeGreece yekare. VaGiriki vakavaita semufananidzo wezvakaipa kana zvakanaka zvavanamwari, izvo zvinosarudza zvinangwa zvevanhu. Iko kune maBhaibheri akawanda pamusoro pezvakabva, gargoyle ndeyekuti:
- Dhiyabhorosi ari pasi pasi.
- Kuve nekudzidziswa kwepasi.
- Guardian of Darkness, uyo anoshumira Simba reChiedza.
Nhema dzevanhu vakasiyana-siyana dzakachengetedza maitiro akawanda ezvisikwa izvi:
- ruvengo rwezvinhu zvose zvinorarama, kune vanhu uye kumweya yakaipa;
- dzimwe nguva kupinda muchibvumirano nemamwe vanhu nekuda kwebatsiro;
- Vatumwa vasingaori uye vane simba.
Chii chinonzi gargoyle chinoratidzika?
Gargoyle - chisikwa chezvakaitika, izvo zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvekwanisi yekushandura ibwe uye kumuka kubva mairi, asi zvinongoita chete nezvinodiwa, uye kwete nemumwe munhu. Iyo inoratidzwa humanoid, ine chitarisiko chinoratidza:
- mapapiro ane ganda;
- mitsetse yakapinza;
- shumba yeshumba kana mhumhi, dzimwe nguva - symbiosis nechiso chomunhu.
Apo gargoyle inogamuchira ronda, rinodzokorora, richiva dombo. Ganda rake rinoratidzika semunhu, rine gwepa. Nokufamba kwenguva, gargoyles yakatanga kurondedzerwa sechibvumirano chezvikara zvakasiyana. Kune zvikamu zvakawanda zvekuti nei zvisikwa zvedhimoni zvakasarudza kuisa pamatenga edzimba:
- Inofanira kutora zvakaipa kubva kumusha, sevakasimba veValdians.
- Kuyeuchidza nezvekuguma kwevatadzi.
- Pakanga pane musiyano pakati pekunaka kwekatehedheni mukati uye uhu huri kunze.
Ko gargoyle anochema sei?
Kurira kwegargoyle iko zvino kunonzi nhema, vanyori vemitambo vari kuita zvose zvavanogona kuti vaite. Zvinongozivikanwa chete kuti zvisikwa zvinodanidzira pamusana pekuuya kwevavengi, zvisinei kuti vakanga vari vapambi kana mweya yakaipa. Zvinoratidzika sei, nhoroondo haina kuchengetedza. Vakuru vechechi vainyengetedza kuti shiri inonzi gargoyle yakanga ichidanidzira apo munhu anogara muguta aita chivi. Yakasiyana zvakasiyana nezvimwe zvifananidzo zvechifananidzo pane kereke yeChechi Vitus muPrague, aya haasi majeko, asi vanhu vakaipa, vakaneta vachidanidzira. Vatsvakurudzi vanotsanangura chisarudzo chevakagadzi sechishuvo chokuyeuchidza vanhu nezvezvivi uye kutuka izvo zvinogona kuiswa mumajeri.
Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe gargoyle uye chimera?
Kazhinji vanhu vanodavira kuti gargoyles uye chimeras zvakafanana, kusiyana pakati pavo kunofadza, asi kuchine. Gothic chimeras yakazozivikanwa, nokuda kwezvifananidzo zveKathedral of Notre Dame, izvi zvipenyu:
- ane chimiro chekucheka uye gumbo regondo;
- mapapiro emabhatiri;
- misoro yembudzi kana nyoka.
VaGiriki vaiti simba rechimeras kune dutu remhepo, vashanduri veMiddle Ages vakataura zvisikwa izvi sechimiro chemweya yakaputsika isingagoni kupinda mutemberi. MuGothic gargoyles uye chimera zvisingasviki musiyano, mutsauko chete ndeyokuti wokutanga akanga asiri chinhu chekushongedza, asiwo chinopisa. Nenzira yezvisikwa zvedhimoni, mvura yakasvibiswa kubva pamasvingo uye haina kushambidza nheyo dzezvivako. Uye chete muzana remakore rechi19 ivo vakatsiviwa nekuderera, uye gargoyles yakaramba iri chimiro chechivande.
Gargoyle mu mythology
Iyo gargoyle chinhu chisikwa chisina kujairika, zvifananidzo zvayo zvakashandurwa nenguva, kunyange pakutanga pakutanga kwezvakabva iyo inomiririrwa shato. Pane nhema yokuti muna 600 AD. pedyo neSeine akararama dhiragoni La Gargul, uyo asina kupfira mate nemoto chete, asi nehova dzemvura, achiita kuti mafashamo afukidze. Vagari venharaunda dzakapoteredza vakamusunungura pamwe nevanhu, vakasarudza mhosva dzeizvi.
Makore mazhinji gare gare, Romanus akasvika kuRuen uye akabvumirana kuparadza dhiragoni mukutsinhana nevanhu vanogamuchira kutenda kwechiKristu uye kuvaka kereke mumusha. Iyo hero yakakunda, muviri wemhuka wakaedza kupisa, asi murazvo haugoni kuparadza musoro. Zvadaro vagari venzvimbo iyi vanofungidzira kuti vakaisa izvi zvakasara padenga retemberi yakavakwa mukukudza kwechirongwa chemupristi Romanus. Kubvira panguva iyo, tsika yakave yakaratidza kupfekedza zvivakwa nemifananidzo yemargo.