Tuberculosis chirwere chinotapukira chinonetsa kurapa. Chirwere chacho chiri nyore kudzivisa, saka, zviratidzo zvekudzivirira uye kuongororwa kwenguva yakakosha zvikamu zvakakosha mukurwa ne tubercle bacillus. Chii chinonzi Diaskintest uye iyo inoshanda sei mukuongorora kwemazuva ano - iyi ndiyo nyaya yenyaya ino.
Nzira dzekuongororwa kwechirwere chetachiona
Mycobacterium tuberculosis kana tsvimbo Koch ibhakitiriya yakare kwazvo, mumazuva ekare chirwere chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya ichi chainzi "kushandiswa" kubva pashoko rokuti "kuoma". Chirwere chacho hachina kurega: hakuna murombo kana mupfumi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mukudzidza kwepiramidhi dzeEgipita, maitiro ehutachiona hwakanyanya akawanikwa mune 6 kubva pa10 mummies ye pharao. Koch's wand yakasimba kwazvo mumamiriro ekunze. Chirwere chacho pachako, chirwere chetachiona chinoparadzirwa nemadonhwe emhepo paunenge uchikanganiswa, uchichera, uchitaura nemurwere ane fomu yakazaruka.
Munyika yemazuva ano, mycobacterium inewo tsitsi inoparadza vanhu uye gore negore nhamba dzechirwere ichi inowedzera. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha pakuziva kare, izvo zvinobatsira kuitisa kurapa zvakanyanya, ndiko kuonekwa kwechirwere chetachiona. Kusvika iye zvino, nzira dzekuongororwa dzinotevera:
- Kutarisa kunoonekwa, kuiswa kwekunyunyuta.
- Radiography ( fluorography ) - yakaitwa mumakumbo maviri. Iyo nzira inokubvumira kuti uone kana mapapu akanganiswa kana kwete.
- Computer tomography - nzira yemazuva ano inonyatsoratidza kunzvimbo yehutachiona huri mumapapu.
- Bacteriological tsika ye sputum inzira inodzidzisa, asi inotora kwenguva yakareba, kukura kushingaira kwebhakitiriya kunotanga musi we20 - 60th day. Kudyara kunobatsira kutsanangura kunzwisisika kwebhakitiriya kune antibacterial uye anti-tuberculosis drugs, iyo inonyanya kukosha mukurapa.
- Zvidzidzo zveropa neropa hazvina zvidzidzo uye zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira.
- Kuongororwa kwemaitiro kunogona kuratidza kukurudzira (sensitivity) yemuviri ku mycobacterium tuberculosis, inosanganisira:
- Muedzo we Tuberculin - unozivikanwa seMantoux reaction ;
- chikwata chechibharo Pirke (zvisingashandiswi nekuda kwekudzidzira ruzivo);
- kuedzwa kwechirwere cheshuga Diaskintest.
Mantoux kana Diascintest?
Kuti ivhiringidze kufambira mberi kwechirwere chevana, gore negore, munzvimbo dzakawanda dzidzo dzezvehutano, vashandi vehutano vanofungisisa nekutanga kwe subcutaneously Tuberculin, iyo tuberculoprotein - yakatsvaga filtrate yakawanikwa kubva kupisa-yakaurayiwa mycobacteria yemombe uye yehutachiona hwevanhu. Chirwere cheTiberculosis - Mantoux reaction, inowedzera maererano nerudzi rwemagetsi anogadzirisa, zvichiita kupisa uye kuumbwa kwepapules panzvimbo yekutonga.
Diaskintest izwi idzva mukuongororwa kwechirwere chetachiona. Ndechipi chinodhaka chandinofanira kusarudza? Pane kusiyana uye ndezvipi zvinobatsira izvi kana kuti iyo nzira yekuongorora? Kuti tinzwisise izvi, tinoda kufunga nezvezvinhu zvose zviri zviviri:
- Tuberculin isarudzo chaiyo inokonzera kusarudzwa kwehutano. Muedzo weMantoux unoongororwa mushure maawa 72. Kukanganisa kwenzira yacho kazhinji kunobata maitiro akanaka, izvo zvisingarevi kuti kune mycobacterium mumuviri. Kunyanya kudhakwa kwechirwere ichiwo chidimbu.
- Chii chinonzi Diaskintest kusiyana ne Tuberculin? Ichi chigadzirwa chemishonga. Nzira yekugadzirisa yakafanana neye Tuberculin, muenzaniso wacho unoongororwa mushure memaawa 72. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinowanzoitika munyaya yebasa re mycobacterium tuberculosis mumuviri kana pane zvirwere kana kuti utachiona hwekutanga, izvo hazvirevi kuti zvinopinda muchirwere chacho. Kune mamwe macobacteria asingaiti chirwere chetachiona, hapachazovi nekutaridzika nenzira yeodema nemapules, kusiyana ne tuberculin.
Diaskintest - kuumbwa kwegadziriro
Pakusarudza nzira yekuongorora chirwere chetachiona nehutano mutsva, vabereki vanobvunza mibvunzo nguva dzose: chii chinonzi Dhiaskintest mishonga, chii chakaumbwa, chinogona kuitirwa mwana muduku kuti aongorore? Kana tikatarisa zvakanyanya paDiaskintest, kuumbwa kwegadziriro pachiyero che 0.1 Mita ndeyotevera:
- reprobinant protein CFP 10-ESAT6 - 0,2 μg - chinhu chikuru chinoshanda;
- potassium phosphate monosubstituted;
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
- sodium chloride;
- phenol;
- polysorbate 80;
- mvura yejojo.
Diaskintest sei?
Chiyero cheDaaskintest nokuda kwechirwere chetachiona chekufukidzira chinorayirwa nachiremba kubva kune rimwe gore rimwe chete. Nzira yacho inofanira kunge yakanyatsodzidziswa mukoti kana mupedzisiki ane chibvumirano ichi. Yakashandiswa maitiro e-tuberculin ane zvidzitiro zviduku zviduku zvakagadzirwa. Zvinokosha! Pamberi pekuiswa kwechirwere, zuva rokubudiswa uye zuva rokupera rinofanira kuongororwa.
Nzira yehutano. Murwere anogara pasi, ipapo iyo yepamusoro-soro inobatwa neAaseptic solution (70% ethyl alcohol), ipapo rutivi rwepamusoro rweganda runoitwa uye runofanana nepamusoro penyika, mukoti anokonzera 0,1 mami yemishonga. Kuonekwa, papule yemuvara wakachena (7-10 mm) inoumbwa muganda. Pashure pe diaskintest, mamiriro ezvinhu emuurwere anoonekwa kwemaminitsi gumi, kuitira kuti arege kunetseka.
Zvinokwanisika here kunonwisa Diaskintest?
Dambudziko reDiaskintest rakatsiva Mantoux rakanyanya kupfuura, asi mitemo yakafanana. Nzvimbo yekudzivirira inofanira kuchengetwa yakaoma kwemaawa 72, kusangana nemvura kunogona kukuvadza hutachiona uye kunowedzera manzwiro evanhu vose. Kana chirwere ichi chichiri kunyorova, izvi zvinofanira kuudzwa kune chiremba. Kana pane hutachiona hukuru mushure mekusangana nemvura, chiremba anorayira kuongorora zvakare kuwana chigumisiro chechokwadi.
Diaskintest - kuongorora mhinduro
Chii chinonzi Diaskintest maererano neshoko rakanaka kana rakashata remigumisiro, ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinotorwa munyaya mukutarisa? Mugumisiro wekuedzwa unofungidzirwa shure kwemazuva matatu (maawa 72). Chiremba kana mukoti anoshandisa mutongi akajeka kuti aenzanise denderedzwa rechitenderera chemaperemia uye kupinda, kana pane. Hyperemia inongororwa chete kana pasina kupindira. Apo Diaskintest inenge ichiitwa, chigumisiro chinoongororwa zvichienderana nemitemo yakatemwa neHurumende yeHutano uye inopinda mune chiremba chekuongorora mishonga.
Diaskintest ndiyo inowanzo
Diaskintest - muitiro wevana kana chiratidzo chekugara zvakanaka uye kusavapo kweiyo mycobacterium inobata muviri mumuviri kusavapo kwekuita mushure mokunge kuonekwa. Kana mushure memaawa makumi manomwe nemakumi matatu nemasitauri aya isisina kunaka, saka hapana maitiro anoshingaira ekurwara kana kutapukirwa ne bacillus tubercle mumuviri, naizvozvo kuwedzera kuongororwa nachiremba hausi kugoverwa, mwana anogona kukwanisa kupinda masangano makuru edzidzo.
Negative Diaskintest
Chiyero chechirwere cheshuga nekushandiswa kweDiaskintest inonyatsodzidzisa, kunyatsorurama kuri 90%. Nekuedzwa kusina kunaka, hapana kuvhara uye mafiroia panzvimbo yejojo, asi mune dzimwe nguva, zvinokonzerwa nemonimu inogona kuonekwa, sekugogodza-kuita nehukuru hwepasina 2 mm. Kusava nechokwadi nekuita (nhema dzakaguma chikonzero) - hyperemia haifaniri kutaridzika, chiremba anogoverwa kana kuwedzerwa kuongororwa, kana kubudiswa kweDiaskintest pashure penguva yakati.
Positive Diascintest
Kuvapo kwebhakillus inotapira mumuviri kunoratidza kuchinja kweganda pane nzvimbo yejojo: kune hutachiona hwakaoma uye kupindira. Positive Diascintest mumwana inoongororwa maererano nemitemo inotevera:
- mafungiro akanaka - kupindira (papule) chero upi zvake hukuru;
- a weak weak reaction - a papule kusvika 5 mm;
- kuenzanisa zvakanaka - papules kusvika kusvika 9 mm;
- yakaratidzwa - 10 - 14 mm;
- kutengesa - kubva pamamiriyoni gumi nemashanu.
Diaskintest - madhara
Muviri womunhu uri woga, saka kutaura kuti, hapazovi nemigumisiro - hazvibviri. Mishonga Diaskintest yakaderera-ine chepfu uye haigoni kukonzera migumisiro yomuviri mumuviri, asi ndeiyi:
- kusviba kwekushisa manheru;
- zvinokonzerwa nezvinokonzerwa neanoripharyngeal mucosa, dyspnea, kubvongodzwa kwechiso cheziso, kuchenesa panzvimbo yejojo, kashoma mumuviri wose);
- kunyanya kuwanda kwemusoro;
- pakati pevanhu vakuru, kushandurwa kunogona kuitika;
- Kuita zvinokonzerwa nehupenzi ndiyo inogadziriswa zvakanyanya kune Diaskintest, inoitika neumwe munhu hypersensitivity kune zvikamu zvechirwere. Physiologically inoratidzwa mukuumbwa kwekunyura mukati me15 mm, ganda rinoputika, zvipembenene zvinoumbwa, lymph nodes yemutsipa, zviputi zvinopisa. Kuita kwehupenzi kunogona kuva chiratidzo chechiitiko chekuita kwekutakura mumuviri, kuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunodiwa.
Diaskintest - zvinopesana
Mishonga ipi neipi inopesana uye Diaskintest haisi iyo. Kuongororwa kwechirwere ichi kunopesana mumatambudziko anotevera:
- panguva yekuzvitsaurira mune zvizhinji masangano ezvidzidzo;
- pashure pezvirwere zvinotapurirwa mumwedzi mitatu;
- kuora simba musimba;
- zvirwere zvinotapukira uye zvirwere;
- epileptic in the anamnesis;
- nekunzwa kwakanyanya kumushonga wemishonga Diaskintest mwana kana munhu mukuru haisi kuiswa;
- zvirwere zveganda muchando chekuwedzera (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis ).
Diascintest kuvanhu vakuru
Kuedzwa kwechirwere chetachiona Diaskintest vanhu vakuru vanorayirwa mushure mekusavhiringidzika kwekutsvaga kwehuwandu hwemvura, kuongororwa kwakashata uye zviratidzo zvakananga (kugunzva, kuputika kwemakirini anonzi lymph nodes) sechimwe chinhu chinowedzera kuongororwa. Pamigumisiro, ukuru hwepulemu haiti kutamba basa rinokosha, kana riripo, rinoratidza kuti kutaurirana ne mycobacterium yechirwere chetachiona kwakaitika uye mhuka iri mumamiriro ekushanda echirwere kana kuti munguva ichangobva kutapukirwa.