CHD (chirwere chepfungwa chinokonzerwa nehutano) muvana ndechimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisiki chechimiro chemwoyo pachake, midziyo yayo kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, izvo zvakasimuka padanho rekuvandudza intrauterine. Iyo yakawanda inenge inenge 0,8% muhuwandu uye 30% yezvakaipa zvose. Mwoyo unokanganisa kutanga muhutano hwekufa kwevana vachangoberekwa nevana pasi pegore rimwechete. Kana mwana achisvika mwedzi gumi nemaviri, mukana wehupenyu hunoparadza huri kusvika kusvika 5%.
CHD muzvitsva - zvinokonzera
Dzimwe nguva chinokonzerwa nePN chinogona kunge chichigadzirisa chimiro, asi kazhinji kacho zvinomuka nekuda kwekunze kwekuita amai namai pamuviri, apo:
- utachiona hwehutachiona, somuenzaniso, rubella;
- kudhakwa, kukanganisa mai;
- kugamuchirwa kwemishonga yakasimba;
- kukuvadzwa;
- migumisiro yemazuva ano.
Mukuwedzera, nyanzvi dzakaratidza zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yemwana ane chirwere cheCD:
- kana amai vemwana vari pamakore makumi matatu nemashanu;
- kuvapo kwezvirwere zvekupedzisira kune mumwe wevakaroorana;
- kutyisidzira kubvisa pamuviri ;
- kuberekwa kwevakafa, kusununguka kweamai;
- kubvisa pamuviri;
- kuvapo kwevana kana hama dzepedyo ne UPU.
CHD muvana - zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvechirwere mumwana zvinogona kuonekwa kunyange pamasvondo gumi nemasere kusvika pamasere ekuberekwa panguva yechirwere ichi, asi kazhinji kacho kuongororwa kunopiwa vana mushure mokuberekwa. Dzimwe nguva kukanganisa kwemwoyo kwakaoma kuona nguva pfupi, naizvozvo vabereki vanofanira kungwarira nezvezviratidzo zvinotevera:
- pallor uye cyanosis yeganda mu nasolabial triangle , nzeve, mitezo;
- pallor uye kutonhora kwemakango nemakumbo;
- iyo inonzi "moyo hump", inoonekwa pamagetsi;
- urombo husina kuwanda;
- kusvibiswa kwemucheche, kutaridzika kwekufema kwekufema;
- manzwi mumoyo;
- kuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvekushaya mwoyo.
Apo zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo zvinowanikwa, vana vanotanga kutungamirirwa kunyanzvi yemhepo, electrocardiogram nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvakadzama.
UPU chikamu
Kusvika iye zvino, marudzi anopfuura zana akasiyana-siyana ehutachiona hwemoyo huri kure, asi, maitiro avo akaoma nemhaka yekuti kanowanzobatanidzwa uye, maererano naizvozvo, zviratidzo zvechipatara zvechirwere "zvakasanganiswa".
Kune vanachiremba vana, iyo inonyanya kukosha uye inodzidzisa maitiro, ayo akavakirwa pamasikirwo emutsara muduku wekupararira uye kuvapo kwe cyanosis:
- zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekupararira kweropa mune denderedzwa duku;
- kutyora kwechimiro chesiyamu yepatrican;
- kutyora kwechimiro chesevhenekeri inopinda;
- zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nechisangano chechikamu chiduku chekupararira kweropa;
- kuvhura kwe ductus arteriosus;
- tetrad of nhema;
- stenosis yemapurmonary arteri;
- kukanganisa kwe aorta;
- kuchinja kwezvikepe zvikuru;
- stenosis ye aortic aorta;
- zvikanganiso nehupenyu hwemapapupa.
Kurapa kweCD muvana
Kubudirira kwekurapa kwechirwere muvana kunoenderana nekugadzirisa kwekuona kwayo. Saka, kana chiremera chacho chikawanikwa kunyange panguva yekutariswa kwepabonde, amai vanguva yakazara vari pasi pekutarisira kwakasimba kwevanyanzvi, vanotora mishonga kuti vatsigire mwoyo wemwana. Mukuwedzera, munyaya ino, kurudzira chikamu chechiesarea kuitira kuti usadzivirire maitiro.
Kusvika iye zvino, kune zvingasarudzwa zviviri zvekurapa chirwere ichi, chisarudzo chinoenderana nemhando uye kuoma kwechirwere ichi:
- kupindira kwepravascular nekubatsirwa nemagetsi, catheters, mabhaloni nemamwe magadzirirwo anokwanisa kugadzirisa kukanganisa uye kudzorera kushandiswa kweropa kusingaperi;
- chirwere chakasununguka kubvisa UPU - kusvikira munguva ichangopfuura, nzira chete yekurapa.