Vakadzi ava vakawana zviwanikwa izvo zvakashandura nyika yesayenzi.
1. Hedi Lamarr
Mutevedzeri wemufirimu Hedy Lamarr achiri kurumbidzwa se "mukadzi akanaka kwazvo munyika yose," asi kubudirira kwake kukuru nderimwe basa "Secret Secret System". Yaiva tekorojiya iyo mauto akashandiswa kurega kutora torpedoes panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. "Nzira yekukurukurirana yakavanzika" ichiri kushandiswa kushandiswa mumasero emagetsi uye asingasviki.
2. Ada Lovelace
Countess Lovelace inonzi mupurogiramu wekutanga wepasi. Muna 1843, Ada akanyora purogiramu yekugadzirisa matambudziko mamwe masvomhu emushini wakasikwa gare gare. Akafanotaura zvakare kuti makombiyuta haagoni kungoverenga mazita e algebraic, asiwo anogadzira mimhanzi.
3. Grace Hopper
Zana remakore shure kweAda Lovelace, Rear Admiral Grace Hopper akarongwa pane imwe yemakombiyuta ekutanga panguva iyoyo - Marko 1. Akagadzirawo nyanzvi yekutanga - muturidzi wekombiyuta weChirungu. Mukuwedzera, nyanzvi COBOL yakagadzira hurongwa hwekuona makombiyuta mapfumo mushure mokunge pfupi pfupi kusvika kuna Mark II ichiparadza maawa akawanda ekushanda.
4. Stephanie Kwolek
Kubva pazvipfeko zvekudzivirira zviputi kusvika kune fiber optic cables - nokuda kweizvi zvose unogona kuonga mutori wemakemikari ane tarenda Stephanie Kwolek. Mushure mezvose, ndiye ndiye akaumba tambo yeKevlar, iyo yakasimba katanhatu pane yesimbi uye ine yakaisvonaka inopisa moto.
5. Annie Easley
Apo paiva kure 1955 Annie akatanga kushanda paNASA, akanga asina kunyange dzidzo yepamusoro. Asi kushayikwa kwedhiploma hakuna kumudzivisa kusika mapurogiramu ekuenzanisa mhepo yezuva, kushandura simba kutendeuka uye kudzora mashamisi emassile.
6. Marie Sklodowska-Curie
Kunyange panguva iyoyo iri kure nemadzimai, basa remakemikari ane chiremba uye physicist Marie Curie rakakosheswa zvikuru nesayenzi yevanhu, uye mapurogiramu ake matsva pamusana pemagetsi yakakundwa neNobel Prizes muna 1903 ne1911. Akanga ari mukadzi wokutanga kugamuchira Nobel Prize yakakurumbira.
7. Maria Telkes
Akanga asina mafungu ezuva anokwana uye mhepo yemhepo, saka Maria Telkes akagadzira bhasiri yezuva, iyo ichiri kushandiswa kushanda. Mumakore ekuma1940, Maria akabatsira kuvaka dzimba dzokutanga kupisa kwezuva, uko kunyaradza kunopisa kwakachengetwa kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma echando chando cheMassachusetts.
8. Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin
Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin anozivikanwa semusiki wemapurotini crystallography. Iye ane rubatsiro rwe X-rays akaita shanduro yehutano hwepenicillin, insulini uye vitamini B12. Muna 1964, nekuda kwezvidzidzo izvi, Dorothy akagamuchira zvakakodzerwa Nobel Prize muKemistri.
9. Catherine Blodgett
Miss Blodgett ndiye mukadzi wokutanga kugamuchira chidimbu mufizikiki kubva kuCambridge. Uye muna 1938, Catherine akagadzira anti-reflective glass. Izvi zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumakerasera, magirazi, teresikosi, mifananidzo yemifananidzo uye mamwe magetsi. Kana iwe ukapfeka magirazi, iwe une chimwe chinhu chokuonga Kathryn Blodgett.
10. Ida Henrietta Hyde
A physologist ane tarenda, Ida Hyde akaumba microelectrode inokwanisa kukurudzira imwe sendima. Uku kuwanikwa kwakashandura nyika ye neurophysiology. Muna 1902, akava mukadzi wekutanga weMelika Physiological Society.
11. Virginia Apgar
Mukadzi wese anoziva zita iri. Icho chiri paAggar wehutano hwehutano kuti nyika yevana vachangoberekwa ichiri kuongororwa. Vanachiremba-neonatologists vanodavira kuti muzana ramakore rechi20 Virginia Apgar akaita zvimwe kuwedzera hutano hwevana nevana vacheche kupfuura ani zvake.