Zvitendero zveMonotheistic - kubuda kwechimwechete uye migumisiro yaro yetsika

Iko kune maitiro akawanda echitendero anozivikanwa kuti akaumbwa panguva dzakasiyana uye ane mazano ake uye nheyo. Chimwe chezvakasiyana zvakasiyana nhamba yevanamwari inotendwa navanhu, saka kune zvitendero zvinobva pakutenda mune mumwe mwari, uye kune polytheism.

Ndezvipi zvitendero zvekunamata?

Dzidziso yaMwari mumwe chete inonzi "monotheism". Pane mazamu akawanda anogovera pfungwa yeMusiki akagadzirirwa. Kunzwisisa kuti chitendero chezvitendero zvinorevei, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti iyi ndiro zita rematatu makuru enyika: ChiKristu, ChiJudha neIslam. Nezveimwe nzira dzechitendero, kukakavadzana kuri kuitika. Zvakakosha kushandura zvitendero zvezvitendero zvese-izvi zvinoratidzira mazano, nokuti vamwe vanopa simba kuna Ishe nounhu uye humwe unhu, asi vamwe vanongokwidziridza huMwari kune vamwe.

Ndechipi musiyano pakati pekutenda kwemamato uye kuwirirana?

Muchirevo chechinhu chakadai se "huMwari humwechete" hwakanzwisiswa, uye sekunyanya kudimbura, ipapo ndiyo yakakwana zvakakwana nekunamata mumwechete uye yakabva pane kutenda mune vanamwari vakawanda. Pakati pezvitendero zvemazuva ano, zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, chiHindu. Vatsigiri vezvematongerwo enyika vanodavira kuti kune vanamwari vakawanda vane maitiro avo emasimba, maitiro uye tsika. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndevamwari veGreece yekare.

Masayendisiti anotenda kuti panguva yekutanga akasimuka polytheism, iyo yakazopedzisira yasvika pakutenda muna Mwari umwe. Vakawanda vanofarira zvikonzero zvekushandura kubva kuhutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika kusvika kune imwechete, uye saka kune tsanangudzo dzakawanda dzeizvi, asi rakanyanya kukodzera. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti kushanduka kwechitendero kwakadaro kunoratidza zvimwe zvikamu mukurudzirwa kwevanhu. Mumazuva iwayo, urongwa hwevaranda hwakasimbiswa uye hutongi hwakasikwa. Monotheism yava rudzi rwechikonzero chekuumbwa kwevanhu vatsva vanotenda kune mumwe chete mambo uye Mwari.

World Monotheistic Religions

Izvo zvatove zvataurwa kuti machechi makuru enyika, ayo akavakirwa kune mumwechete, ndeyechiKristu, Islam neChiJudha. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti ihwo hupenyu hwakawanda hwehupenyu huripo, huri nechinangwa chekusimbisa tsika dzakanaka mauri. Vatongi vehurumende dzeEast East panguva yekuumbwa kwechimwe chemwechete vasiri kutungamirirwa nevanoda ivo chete uye kusimbiswa kwehurumende, asiwo pamukana wekushandisa vanhu zvakanaka sezvinogona. Mwari wechitendero chechimwechete akavapa mukana wokuwana nzira kumweya yevatendi nekusimbisa chigaro chavo chemambo.

Chitendero cheMonotheistic - ChiKristu

Kutonga kubva panguva yekubva, chiKristu ndicho chechipiri chitendero chenyika. Pakutanga, yaiva chechi yechiJudha muPalestina. Kubatana kwakadaro kunowanikwa mukuti Testamente Yekare (chikamu chekutanga cheBhaibheri) ibhuku rinokosha kune vose vaKristu nevaJudha. Kana iri Testamente Itsva, iyo ine maEvhangeri mana, mabhuku aya matsvene chete kuvaKristu.

1. Kune humwe humwe humwechete mune zvinyorwa zvechikanganiso muChiKristu, sezvo nheyo dzechitendero ichi rutendo muna Baba, Mwanakomana uye Mweya Mutsvene. Kune vazhinji, uku ndiko kupesana kwezvakakosha zvekutendeseka kwemamwechete, asi chaizvoizvo iyo yose inofungidzirwa kuti ndeye hutatu hunhu hwaShe.
2. ChiKristu chinoreva kuregererwa uye ruponeso, uye vanhu vanotenda munyasha dzaMwari kune munhu anotadza.
3. Kufananidza nedzimwe zvitendero zvechiKristu uye chiKristu, zvinofanira kunzi kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, hupenyu hunopera kubva kuna Mwari kuvanhu. Mune dzimwe ruzivo munhu anofanira kuita kuedza kukwira kuna Ishe.

Monotheistic chitendero - ChiJudha

Chitendero chekare, chakasimuka kusvika 1000 BC. Vaporofita vakashandisa zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira mamiriro matsva aya, asi misiyano yakakosha chete yaivapo kune mumwe chete uye ane simba rose raMwari, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vanyatsoteerera tsika dzehutsika. Kuburikidza kwekunamata kwemarudzi uye migumisiro yaro yemagariro ndeye nyaya inokosha iyo vasayendisiti vanoramba vachitsvaga, uye muChiJudha zvinyorwa izvi zvinotevera:

1. Muvambi wemamiriro aya ndiwo muprofita Abrahama.
2. ChiJudha chechimwechete chinogadzwa sechirevo chekutanga chekuvandudza tsika dzevaJudha.
3. Ikozvino yakabva pakuzivikanwa kweumwe Mwari Mwari, uyo anotonga vanhu vose, kwete vapenyu bedzi, asiwo vakafa.
4. Basa rekutanga rekunyorwa kwechiJudha - Torah, iyo inoratidza dzidziso huru nemirayiro.

Monotheistic chitendero - Islam

Chechipiri chitendero chakakura ndeyeIslam, iyo yakaonekwa gare gare kune dzimwe nzira. Iri ikozvino rakazvarwa muArabia muzana remakore rechinomwe AD. e. Icho chirevo chekutendeseka kwechiIslam chiri mumitemo inotevera:

1. VaMuslim vanofanira kutenda muna Mwari mumwechete - Allah . Anomiririrwa nehupenyu hune unhu hunhu, asi hunoenderana nechidimbu chakanaka.
2. Muvambi wemamiriro aya aive Muhammad, uyo Mwari akazviratidza ndokumupa rutsva rwezviratidzo, zvinorondedzerwa muKorani.
3. IQurani ndiro bhuku guru reMuslim.
4. MuIslam, kune ngirozi nemweya yakaipa, inonzi jinns, asi masangano ose ari musimba raMwari.
5. Munhu wese anorarama nekugadzwa naMwari, nokuti Allah anoronga mugumo.

Chitendero cheMonotheistic - Buddhism

Chimwe chezvitendero zvekare kare zvenyika, ane zita rinosanganiswa nezita rakakosha remusunguri wayo, rinonzi Buddhism. Ikoko kwakanga kune ikozvino kuIndia. Kune masayendisiti anotsanangura zvitendero zvemarudzi, achitaura ikozvino, asi chaizvoizvo hazvikwanisi kuonekwa kune imwecheteyo kana kuti kuwirirana. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti Buddha hairambidzi kuvapo kwevamwe vanamwari, asi anovimbisa kuti munhu wose anoteerera chiito che karma. Zvichipa izvi, kujekesa kuti ndezvipi zvitendero zvisingatendi, hazvina kukodzera kusanganisira Buddhism mune urongwa. Zvigadziro zvaro zvekare zvinosanganisira:

1. Hapana munhu kunze kwekuti munhu anokwanisa kumisa nzira yekuberekwa patsva kwe "samsara" , nokuti musimba rake kuti achinje pachake uye asvike nirvana.
2. Buddhism inogona kutora mhando dzakawanda, inofunga iyo inobvuma.
3. Iyi nhungamiro inopikira vatendi kusunungurwa kubva pakutambura, zvakaitika uye kutya, asi panguva imwe chete, haisi kusimbisa kusafa kwemweya.

Chitendero cheMonotheistic - Hinduism

Ikare yeVedic rukova, iyo inosanganisira zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvefilosofi uye tsika, inonzi Hinduism. Vakawanda, vachitsanangura zvitendero zvikuru zvezvitendero, hazvioni kuti zvakafanira kutaura izvi, sezvo vateereri varo vanodavira mamiriyoni anenge makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi hazvikwanisi kuonekwa sarudzo yakarurama, nokuti pfungwa yechiHindu yakaoma, uye vanhu vanogona kuinzwisisa nenzira yavo, asi zvinhu zvose muHinduism zvinotenderera kune Mwari mumwe chete.

1. Vashandi vanodavira kuti mumwe Mwari mukuru haagoni kunzwisiswa, naizvozvo anomiririrwa muzvinhu zvitatu zvenyika: Shiva, Vishnu uye Brahma. Mutendi mumwe nomumwe ane kodzero yekuzvisarudzira iye pachake mararamiro aanoita kupa.
2. Ikozvino kwechitendero haina mhemberero imwe chete, saka vatendi vanoshandisa Vedas, Upanishads nevamwe.
3. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chechiHindu chinoratidza kuti mweya weumwe neumwe unofanirwa kupfuura nehuwandu hwekuzvarwa patsva.
4. Karma iri mune zvisikwa zvose zvipenyu, uye zviito zvose zvichatorwa.

Chitendero cheMonotheistic - Zoroastrianism

Imwe yezvinyorwa zvekare zvechitendero ndeyeZoroastrianism. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzechitendero dzinofunga kuti zvitendero zvose zvemarudzi zvakatanga nezvino. Kune vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotaura kuti ichokwadi. Yakaratidzwa muPersia yekare.

1. Ichi ndicho chekutanga chekutenda kwakapa vanhu kurwisana kwezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Chiedza chinosimudzira muZoroastrianism chinomiririrwa nemwari Ahuramazda, uye masimba masikati anomiririrwa neAnkhra Manui.
2. Kutendeseka kwekutanga kune mumwechete kunoratidza kuti munhu wose anofanira kuchengetedza mweya wake mukuchena, kuparadzira zvakanaka panyika.
3. Chirevo chikuru muZoroastrianism hachisi chechitendero uye kunyengetera, asi mabasa akanaka, pfungwa nemashoko.

Monotheistic chitendero - Jainism

Chitendero chekare chekare, icho chakanga chiri chekugadzirisa maitiro echiHindu, chinowanzonzi Jainism. Akaonekwa uye akaipararira muIndia. Chitendero chechimwemwe uye chiJainism hachina chinhu chakafanana, nokuti ikozvino haisi kureva kutenda muna Mwari. Zvinyorwa zvakakosha zveizvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Zvose upenyu pasi pano zvine mweya une ruzivo rusingaperi, simba uye mufaro.
2. Munhu anofanira kunge ane mhosva yehupenyu hwake munguva ino uye munguva yemberi, nokuti zvose zvinoratidzwa mu karma.
3. Chinangwa chechiitiko ichi ndokusunungura mweya kubva pane zvakaipa, izvo zvinoita kuti zviito zvisakarurama, pfungwa uye kutaura.
4. Munyengetero mukuru weJainism ndiyo mantra yeNavokar uye panguva yekuimba kwayo munhu anoratidza kuremekedza mweya yakasunungurwa.

Zvitendero zveMonotheistic - Confucianism

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti Confucianism haigoni kufungidzirwa sechitendero, uye inonzi iyo mafungiro eChina. Iko pfungwa yekutendeseka kwemumwechete inogona kuonekwa mukuti Confucius aive akafanirwa nekuwedzerwa kwenguva, asi ikozvino kwezvinobatsira hazvikwanise kutarisa kune zvakasikwa uye mabasa aMwari. Confucianism nenzira dzakasiyana dzakasiyana nedzimwe nyika dzezvitendero zvezvitendero.

1. Inobva pakushanda kwakasimba kwemitemo iripo uye miitiro.
2. Chinhu chikuru chechitendero ichi ndiko kunamatwa kwemadzitateguru, naizvozvo rudzi rumwe rwune temberi yake iyo zvibayiro zvinogadzirwa.
3. Chinangwa chevanhu ndechokuwana nzvimbo yake mukubatana kwenyika, uye nokuda kweizvi zvakakosha kugara uchivandudza. Confucius akaronga purogiramu yake yakasiyana yehukama hwevanhu vane zvisikwa.