Svondo 27, 2016 pawebsite yeChechi yeOrthodox yeRussia paiva neshoko iro Patriarch Kirill rakasaina chikumbiro chevanhu kuti vabvise kubvisa pamuviri muRussia.
Vanyori vekutsvaga ndivo vanofarira:
"Kubviswa kwemuitiro wekuurawa kwepamutemo kwevana vasati vaberekerwa munyika yedu"
uye inoda kurambidzwa kwekuvhiya uye kubvisa pamuviri kubvisa pamuviri. Vanoda kuziva:
"Nokuda kwomwana akaberekwa chiremera chemunhu ane hupenyu, utano hwakanaka uye hupenyu hunofanira kuchengetedzwa nemutemo"
Ivo vanofarirawo:
"Kurambidzwa kwekutengesa kwekudzivirira kubata pamuviri nekubvisa pamuviri" uye "kurambidzwa kwekubatsiridza zvekuberekwa kwekwenyoro, chikamu chikuru chekunyadziswa kwekuremekedzwa kwevanhu uye kuuraiwa kwevana mumatunhu ekutanga ekubudirira kwemuviri"
Zvisinei, maawa mashomanana gare gare munyori wezvinyorwa wezvematongerwo enyika akatsanangura kuti chaingova nyaya yokubvisa pamuviri kubva kuOnc system, kureva, kurambidzwa kwekusununguka kubvisa pamuviri. Maererano neChechi:
"Ichi ndicho chichava danho rekutanga pamugwagwa unoenda kune rimwe zuva kuti tichazogara munharaunda umo hapangabviri kubvisa pamuviri zvachose."
Chikumbiro chacho chave chaunganidza zvinyorwa zvinopfuura 500 000. Pakati pevatsigiri vekubvisa pamuviri mabhandi ndiGrigory Leps, Dmitry Pevtsov, Anton naVictoria Makarsky, mufambi weForor Konyukhov, Oksana Fedorova, uye ombudsman wevana Anna Kuznetsova uye mufti mukuru weRussia vanotsigira chinangwa.
Mukuwedzera, dzimwe nhengo dzePublic Chamber of Russia dzinobvumira kufungidzirwa kwemurairo wemutemo pamusoro pekudzivisa kubvisa pamuviri muRussia muna 2016.
Nokudaro, kana mutemo wekurambidza kubvisa pamuviri muna 2016 unogamuchirwa uye uchapinda mukumanikidza, kwete kungobvisa pamuviri chete, asiwo mabheti ekubvisa pamuviri, uyewo nzira ye IVF icharambidzwa.
Zvisinei, kubudirira kwechiyero ichi hachina chokwadi.
Chiitiko cheUSSR
Yeuka kuti kubva muna 1936 mubato reUnited States rakabviswa kare. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwakakura kwekufa kwevakadzi nekuremara semugumisiro wekurapa kwevakadzi kumadzimai epasi pasi uye marudzi ose evaporesi, uyewo kuedza kukanganisa kuzvitakura ivo pachavo. Mukuwedzera, kwakave nekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwekuuraya kwevana pasi pegore rimwe revanaamai.
Muna 1955, kurambidzwa kwakabviswa, uye chiyero chekufa kwevakadzi nevana vachangoberekwa chakawa zvakanyanya.
Kuti tinyatsonzwisise, ngatitendei kune zvakaitika kune dzimwe nyika umo kubvisa pamuviri kuchiri kurambidzwa, uye isu tichataurira nyaya dzevakadzi.
Savita Khalappanavar - mutambudzi we "vadziviriri vehupenyu" (Irland)
Savita Khalappanavar ane makore 31, muIndia nekuberekwa, aigara muIreland, muguta reGalway, uye akashanda sechiremba wemazino. Apo muna 2012 mukadzi wacho akawana kuti akanga ane pamuviri, mufaro wake wakange usingagumi. Iye nemurume wake, Pravin, vaida kuva nemhuri huru uye vana vakawanda. Savita akamirira kuberekwa kwomwana wokutanga uye, zvechokwadi, haana kufunga nezvekubvisa pamuviri.
Musi waOctober 21, 2012, pamusvondo we18 wekuzvitora, mukadzi wacho akanzwa kurwadziwa kusingagumi kumusana kwake. Murume wangu akaenda naye kuchipatara. Mushure mekutarisisa Savita, chiremba akawana kuti ane nguva yakareba yokuparara kwepabonde. Akaudza mukadzi asina kufara kuti mwana wake akanga asingagoni kushandiswa uye kuparadzwa.
Savita akanga achirwara zvikuru, akava nefivha, aigara achirwara. Mukadzi wacho akanzwa kurwadziwa kunotyisa, uye pakuwedzera mvura yakatanga kufamba ichibva kwaari. Akakumbira chiremba kuti amubvise kubvisa pamuviri, izvo zvaizomuponesa kubva pakubata ropa neropa. Zvisinei, vanachiremba vakaramba zvakarongwa izvi, vachitaura nezvechokwadi chokuti fetus inoteerera kushaya moyo, uye kuibvisa iri mhosva.
Savita akafa mukati pevhiki. Nguva yose iyi iye pachake, murume wake nevabereki vakakumbira vanachiremba kuti vadzivirire hupenyu hwavo uye vakabvisa pamuviri, asi vanachiremba vakaseka uye vakatsanangurira nechisimba hama dzinoshungurudza kuti "Ireland ndiyo nyika yeKaturike," uye zviito zvakadaro munharaunda yaro zvinorambidzwa. Apo Savita achichema achiudza mukoti kuti akanga ari muIndia, uye muIndia aizodai abvisa pamuviri, mukoti akapindura kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti muKaturike Ireland.
Musi waOctober 24, Savita akabata pamuviri. Pasinei nokuti iye akabva atanga kushanda kuti abvise vana vasati vasara, mukadzi wacho aisagona kuponeswa - muviri wakatove watanga chirwere chinoputika kubva kuhutachiwana hwainge hwapinda muropa. Pausiku waOctober 28, Savita akafa. Mumazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, murume wake akanga ari pedyo naye uye akabata ruoko rwemukadzi wake.
Apo, mushure mokufa kwake, magwaro ose ezvokurapa akaitwa pachena, Pravin akatya kuti zviyero zvose zvakakosha, majekiseni uye nzira dzechiremba zvaiitwa kunze kwekukumbira komudzimai wake. Zvinoratidzika kuti vanachiremba vakanga vasina hanya noupenyu hwake zvachose. Vakanga vaine hanya zvikuru nehupenyu hwemucheche, iyo chero ipi zvayo yaisagona kupona.
Rufu rwaSasita rwakakonzera kudanidzira kukuru kwevanhu uye mhirizhonga yeRalland yose.
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MuIreland, kubvisa pamuviri kunobvumirwa chete kana hupenyu (kwete hutano!) Muamai vari pasi pekutyisidzira. Asi mutsetse pakati pekutyisidzira kwehupenyu uye kutyisidzirwa kwehutano haugoni kutsanangurwa nguva dzose. Kusvikira munguva pfupi ichangopfuura, vanachiremba vakanga vasina mirayiridzo yakajeka, mumamiriro ezvinhu iyo iyo inogona kuita basa racho, uye umo zvisingabviri, saka havana kazhinji vachisarudza kubvisa pamuviri nokuda kwekutya kutongwa kwepamutemo. Chete mushure mekufa kwaSitaita zvimwe zvigadziriswa zvakaitwa kumutemo uripo.
Kurambidzwa kubvisa pamuviri muIreland kwakaita kuti vakadzi vechiIrish vaende kunopedzisira vaita pamuviri kune dzimwe nyika. Iyi nzendo inobvumirwa nemutemo. Saka, muna 2011, vanopfuura 4 000 vakadzi vechiIrish vakabvisa pamuviri mu UK.
Jandira Dos Santos Cruz - akabatwa pamuviri pasi pevhu (Brazil)
Zhandira Dos Santos Cruz ane makore 27, amai vakaroorana nevasikana vaviri vane makore 12 ne9, vakasarudza kubvisa nekuda kwematambudziko emari. Mukadzi uyu akanga ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Nemhaka yekuve nepamuviri, aigona kurasikirwa nebasa rake, uye baba vomwana havasisirizve hukama. Imwe shamwari yakamupa kadhi yemakiriniki epasi pasi, uko chete nhamba yefoni yairatidzwa. Mukadzi uyu akadana nhamba uye akabvumirana pakubvisa pamuviri. Kuti basa riitike, aifanira kubvisa mari yake yose - $ 2000.
Musi waAugust 26, 2014, uyo aichimbova murume weZhandira pachikumbiro chake akaendesa mukadzi kumukadzi webhasi, uko iye nevamwe vasikana vashoma vakatorwa nemotokari chena. Mutyairi wemotokari, mukadzi wacho, akaudza murume wake kuti aigona kutora Zhandir pazuva rimwe chete panzvimbo imwe chete. Mushure mechinguva murume wacho akagamuchira mharidzo kubva kumurume wake akazova mudzimai wake: "Vanondikumbira kuti ndirege kushandisa foni. Ndinotya. Ndinyengeterere ini! "Akaedza kutaura naZhandira, asi foni yake yakanga yatodzwa.
Zhandir haana kudzokera kunzvimbo yakatarwa. Hama dzake dzakaenda kumapurisa.
Mazuva mashomanana mushure mekunge, chikwata chemukadzi chaiva neminwe yakacheka uye mabhiriji ezviko rakasara akawanikwa muduti remotokari yakasiyiwa.
Panguva yekuongorora, boka rose rakabatanidzwa mukubvisa pamuviri zvisiri pamutemo rakasungwa. Zvakabva zvaitika kuti munhu akaita basa racho Zhandire akanga ane zvinyorwa zvenhema uye akanga asina kodzero yekuita mabasa ezvokurapa.
Mukadzi akafa nekuda kwekubvisa pamuviri, uye chikwata chikaedza kuvanza maitiro emhosva kuburikidza nenzira yakadaro.
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MuBrazil, kubvisa pamuviri kunobvumirwa chete kana hupenyu hwemamai huri kutyisidzirwa kana kuti pamuviri wakaitika nekuda kwekubata chibharo. Panyaya iyi, makiriniki ekuderera anowedzera munyika, umo vakadzi vanobvisa pamuviri nokuda kwemari yakawanda, kazhinji mumamiriro ezvinhu asina tsvina. Maererano neNational Health System yeBrazil, vakadzi vanosvika 250 000 vanoona matambudziko ehutano mushure mokubvisa pamuviri zvisiri pamutemo gore negore vanoenda kuzvipatara. Uye iyo nyanzvi inotaura kuti mazuva ose maviri semugumisiro wekushanda kwepamutemo, mumwe mukadzi anofa.
Bernardo Gallardo - mukadzi anotora vana vakafa (Chile)
Bernard Gallardo akaberekwa muna 1959 muChile. Pazera remakore 16 musikana akabatwa chibharo nemuvakidzani. Pasina nguva akaziva kuti akanga ane pamuviri, uye aifanira kusiya mhuri yake, uyo akanga asingazobatsiri "kuunza mwanasikana wake mumucheto". Nenzira yakanaka, Bernard aiva neshamwari dzakatendeka dzakamubatsira kuti ararame. Musikana wacho akazvara mwanasikana wake Francis, asi mushure mokuberekwa kwakaoma akaramba asingabereki. Mukadzi anoti:
"Mushure mokunge ndabatwa chibharo, ndaiva nerombo rakakwana kuti ndikwanise kuenderera mberi, nekuda kwekutsigirwa neshamwari. Kana ini ndasara ndiri ndoga, zvimwe ndaizonzwa zvakafanana nevakadzi vakasiya vana vavo. "
Uye nemwanasikana wake Bernard akanga ari pedyo zvikuru. Francis akakurira, akaroora mumwe muFrench ndokuenda kuParis. Pazera remakore makumi mana, akaroora Bernard. Uye nemurume wavo vakagamuchira vakomana vaviri.
Mamwe mangwanani, April 4, 2003, Bernarda akaverenga pepanhau. Mumwe musoro wakamhanyira mumeso ake achiti: "Uipi hunotyisa: mwana achangoberekwa akaendeswa kumarara." Bernard akabva angonzwa akashamwaridzana nemusikana muduku akafa. Panguva iyoyo iye pachake akanga ari mukutora mwana, uye akafunga kuti musikana akafa aigona kuva mwanasikana wake, kana mai vake vasina kumusiya mumarara.
MuChile, vana vanoregererwa vanorondedzerwa semarara uye vanoraswa pamwe chete nedzimwe tsvina yekuvhiya.
Bernard akasarudza zvakasimba kuviga mwana semunhu. Zvaisava nyore: kuunza musikana pasi, zvakatora nguva yakareba yepamusoro yepamutemo, uye Bernard aifanira kutora mwana kuronga mariro, akaitwa musi waOctober 24. Vanenge vanenge 500 vakapinda mutambo. Little Aurora - naizvozvo Bernard akadana musikana - akavigwa mubhokisi rakachena.
Zuva rakatevera, mumwe mwana akawanikwa murasi, ino nguva mukomana. An autopsy yakaratidza kuti mwana wacho akabatwa muhomwe iyo yaiswa. Rufu rwake rwakarwadza. Bernard akatora, ndokubva avigawo mwana uyu, achimuti Manuel.
Kubvira panguva iyoyo akabata ndokutengesa vana vatatuzve: Kristabal, Victor naMargarita.
Anowanzoshanyira makuva evana vaduku, uye anoitawo basa rinoshingaira rekuparidzira, kuisa mapepa ekudana kwekusapinza vana muvhu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Bernada anonzwisisa vanaamai vakakanda vana vavo mumarara, vachitsanangura izvi vachitaura kuti havana chavanosarudza.
Ava ndivo vasikana vaduku vakabatwa chibharo. Kana vakabatwa chibharo nababa kana baba vokurera, vanotya kuzvibvuma. Kazhinji anorohwa ndiye oga nhengo yemhuri inowana mari.
Chimwe chikonzero urombo. Mhuri dzakawanda muChile dzinorarama pasi peurombo uye hazvigone kudyara mumwe mwana.
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Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutemo wechiChile wokubvisa pamuviri ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakawanda kwazvo munyika. Kubvisa pamuviri kwakarambidzwa zvachose. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emari uye zvakaoma mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu akamanikidza vakadzi kuti vaite zvisiri izvo. Kusvikira madzimai 120 000 pagore vakashandisa mabasa evapfuri. Chikamu chechina kubva kwavari ndokuenda kuchipatara chevanhu kuti vadzorere hutano hwavo. Maererano nehuwandu hwehupfumi, vanenge 10 vacheche vanofa gore rimwe nerimwe vari mumarara emarara, asi chimiro chaicho chinogona kuva chakakwirira zvikuru.
Nhoroondo yePolina (Poland)
14-year-old Polina akava nemimba nekuda kwekubata chibharo. Iye naamai vake vakasarudza kubvisa pamuviri. Mutongi weruwa akabudisa mvumo yekushanda (mutemo wePolish unobvumira kubvisa pamuviri kana pamuviri zvichiitika nekuda kwekubatwa chibharo). Musikana naamai vake vakaenda kuchipatara muLublin. Zvisinei, chiremba, "Akatorike Akanaka", akatanga kuvadzivisa kubva kubasa munzira dzose dzaikwanisika ndokukoka mupristi kuti ataure nemusikana. Pauline naamai vake vakaramba vachiomerera pakubvisa pamuviri. Somugumisiro, chipatara chakaramba "kuita chivi" uyezve, chakabudisa kusunungurwa kwemashoko panyaya iyi pawebsite. Nhau dzakapinda mumapepanhau. Vanyori venhau uye vashandi vemasangano epro-elite vakatanga kutyisa musikana nefoni.
Amai vakatora mwanasikana wavo kuenda kuWarsaw, kure nehana iyi. Asi kunyange muchipatara cheWarsaw, musikana haana kuda kubvisa pamuviri. Uye pamusuwo wechipatara, Polina akanga atomirira boka revanhu vakatsamwa. Vakakumbira kuti musikana wacho abvise kubvisa pamuviri, uye kunyange akatumidza mapurisa. Mwana akaremara akaiswa maawa mazhinji ekubvunzurudzwa. Mumwe muprista weLublin akauya zvakare kumapurisa, avo vakati VaPolina havana kuda kubvisa pamuviri, asi amai vake vakaramba vachibvisa pamuviri. Somugumisiro, amai vacho vairegererwa mukodzero dzevabereki, uye Pauline pachake akaiswa munzvimbo yekuvanda kune vana vaduku, kwaakabviswa foni ndokubvumirwa kukurukura chete nechiremba wepfungwa uye mupristi.
Somugumisiro wemirayiridzo "munzira yakarurama," musikana uyu aive nekubuda ropa, uye akapinda muchipatara.
Somugumisiro, amai vaPolina vakakwanisa kuwana vanasikana vake kubvisa pamuviri. Pavakadzokera kumusha wavo, munhu wose aiziva "kupomerwa" kwavo. "VaKaturike vakanaka" vaida ropa uye vakakumbira mhosva yevapomeri nevabereki vaPolina.
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Maererano nedzimwe nyika isingazivikanwi, Poland ine nhepfenyuro yose yekliniki dzisina kufanira apo vakadzi vanogona kubvisa pamuviri. Vanoendawo kunoparadza kubata muAkraine nevekuBerrusrus uye vari kutenga mabheji eChina.
Nhoroondo yeBatrice (El Salvador)
Muna 2013, dare muEl Salvador rakarambidza mukadzi wechidiki wemakore 22, Beatriz, kubva kubvisa pamuviri. Mukadzi wechidiki akarwara ne lupus uye chirwere chakakomba chepfungwa, pangozi yekufa kwake apo achichengetedza kuti aive nepamuviri. Mukuwedzera, pamusvondo we26 fetus yakaonekwa seine anencephaly, chirwere chisina chikamu cheuropi uye chinoita kuti fetus isasagadzike.
Chiremba wekuenda kwaBeatrice neUnited Health vakatsigira chikumbiro chomukadzi kuti abvise pamuviri. Zvisinei, dare rakarangarira kuti "kodzero dzeamai dzisingagoni kuonekwa sepakutanga maererano nekodzero yemwana asati aberekwa kana zvakasiyana. Kuchengetedza kodzero yehupenyu kubvira panguva yekuberekwa, kubviswa kwakakwana kubvisa pamuviri kuri kushanda. "
Dare rekutonga rakaita kuti mhirizhonga nemagungano zvivepo. Vashandi vacho vakauya kuChivimbiso cheDare Repamusorosoro nemakadhipu "Tora rosari yako kunze kwemavha mavari."
Beatrice aiva nechikamu chekusiya. Mwana akafa maawa mashanu mushure mekushanda. Beatrice pachake akakwanisa kupora ndokubudiswa kubva kuchipatara.
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MuEl Salvador, kubvisa pamuviri kunorambidzwa kune chero mamiriro ezvinhu uye kunofananidzwa nekuponda. Vakadzi vakawanda "vanozunungusa" chaiyo (kusvika kumakore makumi matatu) nguva yekupomerwa uku. Zvisinei, zviyero zvakadai hazviregi vakadzi kubva kuedza kuvhara pamuviri. Iko kusuruvara kunotendeukira kune zvinyorwa zvemakiriniki apo maitiro anoitwa mumamiriro asina tsvina, kana kuedza kubvisa pamuviri pachavo vachishandisa zvirembera, tsvimbo dzesimbi uye zvinouraya fertilizer. Mushure mekunge "kubvisa pamuviri" kwakadai, vakadzi vanotorwa kuenda kune zvipatara zveguta, uko vanachiremba "vanoisa" kumapurisa avo.
Zvechokwadi, kubvisa pamuviri kwakaipa. Asi nhau dziri pamusoro uye zvisizvo zvinoratidza kuti hapazovi nekubvisa pamuviri kubhadhara. Zvichida, zvakakosha kurwisana nekubvisa pamuviri nedzimwe nzira, zvakadai sekuwedzerwa kwezvipo zvevana, kusikwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu akasununguka ekurera kwavo uye mapurogiramu ekutsigirwa kwevakadzi vasina kuroorwa?