- Ikoko iripo: Kimberley, South Africa;
- Nzira yekushanyira: pasina mari, pachigaro chekuona;
- Maawa ekushanyira: 09.00-15.00;
- Chimwezve chinonakidza: museum wemigodhi muguta re Kimberley, mabhizimisi emadhaimani akashandurwa
Kimberlite pipe Iyo huru yakadzika dhizimusi yakazara zvachose, iri muguta re Kimberley, muSouth African Republic .
Nhasi, Big Hole yeSouth Africa inonzi inzvimbo kwete yeguta chete, asi yenyika yose - iyo inonakidza inokwezva vatashanyi. Kana ukasarudza kushanyira Republic of South Africa, iva nechokwadi chokuti uwane mukana wokushanyira Kimberley.
Nhoroondo yekumigodhi yedhaimani
Diamond migodhi muSouth Africa yakabvumira nyika kuti isangotungamirirwa nekondinendi chete, asiwo kuti iparadze iyo isiri-inofadza "musoro" "Nyika yeTatu Nyika." Maererano nehuwandu, South Africa ndiyo imwe yevashanu vepasi vese vanotengesa mabwe anokosha. Uyewo muhuwandu hwaive dzakadai se:
- Angola;
- Canada;
- Russia;
- Botswana.
Gwaro rekutanga munharaunda yeSouth Africa yemazuva ano ichawana muna 1866 - sezvinotaura zvakaitika kare, dhamondi yakakurwa murwizi nemukomana weAris Orange achichengetedza mhuka purazi iri pedyo yeDi Kalk. Yakazova dombo rejena, iyo yakareba iyo yakapfuura makaro 21.
Asi chinowanikwa chikuru ibwe rinorema makumi matatu nemasere, rinowanikwa nevana vemurimi vane purazi imwechete. Diamond yakatumidzwa zita rakanaka "Star of South Africa". Ichi chaiva chiitiko chekukurudzira kwekufambisa kwekubata hove muSouth Africa. Makambani ekutanga akatanga kumisa mabwe mumharaunda yepurazi muna 1871. Somugumisiro, madhaimani eSouth Africa akaunza zvikomborero zvinoshamisa-kwete kwemazuva ano nyika haisi yega yakanyanyogadziriswa munyika, asi inoramba ichienderera mberi nekufambira mberi kwayo.
Kubvira panguva iyo, dhiyabhorosi chaiyo fever yakaparadza nyika. Muzhinji, mari yakawanda yakawanikwa muSouth Africa, mamiriyoni akawanda akavakwa, asi iyo huru kwenguva yakareba yakanga iri yemuvhu rakavhurika muKimberley, madhaimondi ayo akanga akachena kwazvo.
Gomba guru - nhoroondo yemayona makuru pane ose
Ikozvino zvisingachaitiki muKimberley City yakagamuchira zita rinyore asi rinonzwisisika - Big Hole. Iyo inozivikanwa zviri pamutemo seyo basa guru, rakagadzirwa pasina kushandiswa kwemhando ipi zvayo.
Kwemakore anodarika makumi mana - kusvikira muna 1914 - vanenge 50 zviuru zvemigodhi vakashanda mumigodhi, vachiikuridza nemapato, mashizha nemafoshoro. Nebasa rekushandisa, vanhu vakagamuchira matani anodarika mamiriyoni makumi maviri emunyika kubva pakakori.
Munguva iyi, inenge 2700 kilogiramu yematombo anokosha yakawanikwa. Maererano nemifananidzo yakawanda inogamuchirwa, ndeye mamiriyoni 14,5 ematokari. Pakati pehamba yakawanda yematombo yaiva yakakurumbira, inoshamisa uye yakasimba zvikuru, seyadhamu:
- De Beer rinorema 428 carat;
- Porter-Rhodes magirasi zana nemakumi mashanu.
Kunyange nechokunze gorosi rinotarisa zvinoshamisa, asi zvinotonyanya kutyisa ndezviyero zvepamutemo zvemugove:
- nzvimbo yacho yose inopfuura 17 hectares;
- kureba - anenge mamita 500;
- inotarisana nechepakati - mamita 1600;
- yakadzika - mamita 240, asi gare gare pasi yakadururirwa dombo, iro rakaderedza hurefu kusvika mamita 215.
Parizvino, pasi peHreat Hole, gungwa rakadzika kusvika mamita makumi mana rakaumbwa.
Zvinonakidza kuti, sezvakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi, anenge mamiriyoni zana emakore akapfuura kwaiva nechokuputika panzvimbo yeiyo minda-iyo yakabva kune rava yaiva nechepamusoro peakadzika makiromita 97. Izvi ndizvo zvinokurudzira kuumbwa kwedhaimani munzvimbo ino - kupisa kwepamusoro uye kudzvinyirira muvhu zvakapiwa kune dzimwe nzira dzinobatsira pakuonekwa kwematombo anokosha.
The Modernity of Kimberley
Iye zvino, Kimberly iguta remazuva ano, rakagadzirwa. Iine zvinhu zvose zveupenyu hunofadza:
- nemigwagwa yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka;
- ennobled parks;
- mahotera mazhinji uye hotele;
- tsika nzvimbo, musamuziyamu.
Zvinonzwisisika, vatashanyi vanowanzokwezva neHreat Hole, kune iyo uye nepamusoro pekufambisa kwakarongeka. Semuenzaniso, kunyanya kwekutakura kwevashanyi kusvika kune kukwezva kukuru kweguta racho, makwara emigwagwa akaiswa. Pamuganhu weiwo waimbova wemugove, nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekuona yakasikwa.
Uyewo muguta iri mune imwe musimamende inoshandiswa mumigodhi, umo nhoroondo ye diamond neyegoridhe yezhizha inoratidzwa zvakadzama. Ikozvino, kunyange ikozvino, mushure memakore anopfuura zana mushure mekuvharwa kwemugove, inoramba ichiunza purofiti kuguta nevanogaramo - ikozvino iye zvino sechikwata chekushanyirwa.
Zvikamu zvekutenga madhayamondi muRepublic of South Africa
Pasinei nokuti dhizimusi reMadagascar kuSouth Africa rave richienderera mberi kwemakore anoda kusvika 150, zvichiri kuwanika kuwana mhando dzakasiyana-siyana mumigodhi nemigodhi.
Saka, makore mashomanana adarika mune imwe yemigodhi yekare yeCullinan yakawanikwa yakaisvonaka-chiremera chayo chaive nema 232 carats. Maererano nenyanzvi, kukosha kwedhaimani kunogona kusvika $ 15 mamiriyoni.
Zvisinei, inofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti matombo akaoma haana kubvumirwa kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Kana iwe uchida kutenga madhayamondi muSouth Africa, iwe unofanirwa kuenda kumapfumi, ndiko kuti, mabhandi ekutengesa mabhandi kana nzvimbo dzekutengesa, iri pedyo nemigodhi, migodi, uko kazhinji kutarisa kurongwa.
Kutenga matombo anokosha munyika kunobatsira chaizvo - ivo vari kutengesa. Pamutambo, unofanirwa kuratidza chivigiro chechitoro chezvishongo zvawakatenga. Paunenge uchibva, iwe unogona kushandira Mutero Werusununguko uye unodzorera 14% yemutengo wekutenga. Nenzira, vatashanyi vari kutarisana nekurangwa kwakaoma nokuda kwekubviswa kwemadhaimani akaipa kubva kuSouth Africa - saka usaedza kunyange kunyengera zviremera.
| | | |
| | | |
