Wakambove uchida kuenda kunze kwenyika yekusagadzikana, maitiro here? Tsvaga chimwe chinhu chitsva, chinogona kukurudzira, tarisa zvinhu zvezuva nezuva kubva kune imwe nzira yakasiyana? Kana zvakadaro, zvakasiyana-siyana kufunga zvichakubatsira iwe. Kukurudzira, kunozarura chiitiko panguva yekugadzirisa dambudziko, basa rekuona mhinduro dzakawanda panguva imwe chete.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kufunga uku ndiko kwechikonzero chekugadzirisa, uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana anonzi chete sekuratidzwa kwekusafunga kwakasiyana. Ndiyo nheyo yezvisikwa zvose. Ngatikurukurei nekunyatsorondedzera kuti rudzi rworudzi urwu rwekufunga nderei uye kuti rwurikudziridza sei.
Mhando yekusiyana kwekufunga
Sezvazvambotaurwa kare, iyo yakasiyana-siyana ishoko rinoenderana panguva imwechete. Basa rayo guru nderokuumba zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa dambudziko racho. Ndiko kumubatsira kuti pfungwa dzekusika dzinoberekwa, dzinokwanisa dzimwe nguva kutanga chitsauko chitsva mukugadzirwa kwevanhu.
Zvinyorwa zvekufunga uku zvakabatanidza masayendisiti akadai se: D. Rogers, E.P. Torrance, D. Guilford, nezvimwe. Uyu wekupedzisira, uyo ndiye nheyo yemutauro wakasiyana-siyana, mubhuku rake "The Nature of Human Intellect " inonzi "divergent" kufunga. Muma1950, basa rake rose rezvesayenzi rakanga rakazvipira pakuongorora kwezvakagadzirwa zvekusika kwevanhu. Yakanga iri panguva iyi iyo yakaronga kubata kwake kweAmerican Psychological Association. Muna 1976 akagovera muenzaniso wakavandudzwa, achidana kudengenyeka kwekufunga chikamu chechidimbu chekugadzirisa nekutsanangura maitiro acho makuru:
- Kukwanisa kukura, tsanangudzo pfungwa, kwete kukanganwa kuzviita.
- Kunzwisisa mukusika mazano akawanda kana mukugadzirisa dambudziko.
- Mano ekugadzira pfungwa dzepakutanga, kwete kushungurudzika nemafungiro asina kunaka.
- Kugadzikana mune tsvakiriro kutsvaga nzira dzechinetso chimwe nechimwe.
Divergent uye convergent kufunga
Kusiyana kwemafungiro ari munyaya iyi inotenderera, iyo inotarisirwa kuwana imwe chete uye yechokwadi yechokwadi. Saka, pane rudzi rwevanhu vanogara vachigutsikana nehupo hweimwe nzira yakarurama. Mabasa anogadziriswa kuburikidza nehutano hunowanikwa huzhinji uye nenzira yeketani yekufunga kwakanaka. Zvizhinji zvemazuva ano dzidzo mumayunivhesiti ndeyekushandura kufunga. Kune vanhu vanozvigadzira, sangano rekudzidzisa rakadaro hariti kukubvumira kuti uratidze unhu hwako hwekusika. Muenzaniso haufaniri kuenda kure: A. Einstein akanga asina kutora kudzidza kuchikoro, asi kwete nekuda kwekumwe kwekusaziva kwake. Zvaive zvakaoma kuti vadzidzisi vatsungirire nzira yake yekupindura mibvunzo. Saka, zvaive zvakafanana kwaari kuti akumbire chimwe chinhu chakadai: "Uye kana tikafunga sarudzo iyo isiri mvura, asi ...?" Kana kuti "Tichakurukura nyaya iyi kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yekuona ...". Muchiitiko ichi, mafungiro akasiyana-siyana evanhu vashoma vakaratidzwa.
Kuvandudza mafungiro okusiyana
Imwe yenyanzvi inobatsira kukudziridza mafungiro akadaro ndiyo mhinduro yezvinetso zvisingabvumirwi:
- Zvakakosha kufunga nezvemashoko anoguma ne "t". Yeuka kuti mashoko api anotanga ne "c", uye umo tsamba yechitatu kubva pakutanga - "a".
- Kubva pane tsamba dzokutanga kugadzira mutongo wakakwana: B-C-E-P. Ichi chiito chinokura zvose zvakasiyana uye kufanana kwekufunga.
- Tarisa unyanzvi hwako kuti uwane ukama hunokonzera-uye-hukama, uchienderera mberi kutaura: "Usiku huno akafadzwa ...".
- Ramba uchiverenga nhamba dzinoverengeka: 1, 3, 5, 7.
- Kuchengetedza zvisingaverengeki: bilberry, mango, plum, apulo. Ichi chiito chinangwa chekugona kuziva zviratidzo zvikuru.