Murume ave nenguva refu achitanga kufunga pamusoro pekuchengetedza zivo yakawedzerwa, pamusoro pekuponesa kwavo uye kubereka. Pakutanga ruzivo rwose rwakachengetedzwa pamapyriri, mipumburu, mahwendefa. Asi ruzivo urwu rwakapararira kumativi ose enyika, rwakanga rusina kugadziriswa uye naizvozvo rwakanga rusina maturo. Yekutanga mabhuku ekuremekedza echokwadi munyika ndeye temberi muNippur. Kubva munhoroondo dzeNyika Yekare, tinodzidza pamusoro pemabhuku ekuGreece, Egypt neRoma. Nhasi nyika dzose dzine State State Library, mune imwe neimwe, kunyange taundi duku, panofanira kuva neraibhurari yekugara. Sezvakaitika munguva yekare, ikozvino kune mabhuku makuru ehurumende, iyo inogona kunyanya kuzvikudza. Muzvinyorwa zvakadai zvenyika zvakanyanya kuwandisa nhamba yakawanda yemabhuku asina kukwana, mapepanhau nemagazini. Maturaibhurari emunharaunda anenge anonyanya kukosha kuhurumende semunyika, kunyange zvazvo zvishoma zvishoma pasi pe "main" maererano nenhamba yemabhuku akaunganidzwa.
Maibhurari makakurumbira enyika
Iyo National Library yeUnited States kana Library ye Congress ndiyo imwe yemakamuri ekuraira makuru munyika yose. Pakutanga, ndiye mutungamiri chete, vedzisi-mutungamiriri wenyika uye nhengo dzeSeneti uye US Congress vangashandisa. Nokudaro zita rakabva. Inowanikwa kuWashington uye ikozvino raibhurari yesayenzi yeAmerican Congress, masangano ekutsvakurudza, makambani emabhizimisi, zvikoro.
MuAustria, kwete kure neVienna, kune imwe yemabhuku ekuraibhurari akawanda munyika yose - iyo Klosterneuburg State Library, ine mabhuku anopfuura 30 000 ekare.
Bhuku reDuke raAugustus inounganidza pachedu Duke Wolfenbuttel akadzidza zvikuru, Augustus the Younger, uyo akaunganidza mabhuku kubva paudiki. Vashandi vanobva kumativi ose enyika vakamuunzira mabhuku ezvinyorwa, izvo zvaakaisa muchengetedze rekugara. Munguva yehupenyu hwake mutongi akaunganidza mabhuku akawanda uye zvinyorwa zvekuti gungano iri rainzi "chishamiso chechisere chepasi."
Mbudzi yeShohov muPrague ichitsuwa chekare cheCzech chivakwa. Mariri ikozvino makore anodarika mazana mana pane nzvimbo inozivikanwa yekuchengetera mabhuku. Zvinyorwa zvekare zvikuru zvinogona kuwanika pano zvakadzokera ku XII yezana remakore. Masvingo emakamuri, ayo mabhuku akachengetwa, akafukidzwa nemafrescoes. Iraibhurari yakatsva kazhinji, yakapambwa, asi, zvisinei, yakawanda shanduro dzakakwanisa kuchengetedzwa. Iye zvino pane mabhuku anopfuura 130 000, mapepa 1500 ezvinyorwa zvekutanga, mabhuku 2500.
Makiraibhurari asina kujairika enyika
Nhasi, munguva yekombiki yepamusoro neInternet, vanhu vazhinji, zvisinei, vanoenderera mberi kuenda kumaibhurari. Kwavari, zvivako zvitsva uye zvitsva zviri kuvakwa, zvimwe zvayo zvinonakidza mukurumbira kwavo uye zvivakwa zvisina kujairika:
- mabhuku ekuraibhurari, The Library Resort Hotel yakavhurwa munguva ichangopfuura muThailand. Pasi pedo nedziva pane maibhurari akaisvonaka. Zvinokwanisika, mushure mokubva padziva racho, kugarako ipapo nebhuku riri muruoko uye nguva yakawanda;
- bhesifisi, raibhurari muKansas, chikamu chayo ndeye midzi masere emadziro ebhuku racho. Zvose makumi maviri nemaviri mabhuku akadaro ane zvinyorwa zvakasiyana;
- bhandi rekubururu riri kuvakwa muAspana, guta guru reKazakhstan. Iyi fomu inosarudzwa kuti ivheneke kuti chiedza chezuva chinogona kujekesa imba kubva mukati;
- iyo makirasi asingagumi muStockholm inoumba rusvingo rine mabhuku apo vanhu vanofamba-famba mumapurari uye vanosarudza mabhuku avanofarira. Kuti kuwedzere migumisiro yekusingaperi, zvioni zvinowanikwa kubva kumativi ose maviri;
- iyo mabhuku emazuva ano eAlexandria, yakavakwa panzvimbo yebhuku rekare kudhipatimendi, iri kunetsa. Imba yakagadzirwa nemagetsi manomwe mumamiriro ezuva rinobuda kubva padziva nemvura. Muiti wekugadzirira, sezviri pachena, aida kuratidza kubuda kwezuva kweZuva reKuzivo.
Munyika kune nhamba huru yemabhuku, uye, pasinei nehuwandu hwehupfumi, kune nguva dzose vanhu vasingafungi upenyu hwavo pasina bhuku.