Kuvhara kurwisa tuberculosis kune vazhinji vagari venzvimbo ye post-Soviet inova yekutanga muupenyu. Anoitwa mucheche muchipatara chekuberekwa. Iyo chirwere hachidziviriri kurwisa tubercle bacillus utachiona ne 100%, asi inofanirwa kusimbisa masimba ezvirwere uye kudzivirira kuratidzwa kwezvinetso zvechirwere.
Pane chirwere chetachiona here?
Kusvika iye zvino, zvirwere zveTB zvinotarisirwa munyika 64 pasi rose. Sekunge 118 inotaura, inotaura kune avo vakakurudzirwa. Kunyange kune dzimwe nyika umo chirwere chisina kubvumirwa, chirwere chinorwisana nechirwere chetachiona chinogadzirirwa vanhu vanogara mumamiriro ezvinhu asingasviki mitemo yehutsanana. Mukuwedzera, chirwere ichi chinotsigira vagari venyika idzodzo umo nhamba yakawanda yezviitiko zvehutachiona zvakanyoreswa.
Ko majekiseni anochengetedza zvirwere zvakakwana here? Kusvika pari zvino, mishonga yakadaro haina kuumbwa. Mishonga inoshandiswa inoshandiswa pakuzvidzivirira. Havabvumiri kuputika kwechirwere kubva kune chimiro chakasvibirira kusvika kune yakazaruka, kudzivirira hutachiona hwekubatana uye mapfupa emapfupa. Kuwedzera kukuru - chirwere chinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuitika pakati pevana.
Chirwere chinorwisa TB
Vamwe vabereki vanokanganisa vanotenda kuti mwana muduku haana nzvimbo ye "kubata" chirwere chetachiona. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vakuru havafungi chokwadi chokuti munharaunda yenyika yekare yeCIS, inenge 2/3 yevanhu vose vakuru vanhu vanotakura tuberculosis pathogens. Zvinotakura hazvirwere nekuda kwekudzivirirwa kwakasimba, asi zvinoparadzira mycobacteria kwese. Saka pathogen inogona "kutora" mwana panguva ipi zvayo kufamba uye musangano.
Mushonga weCBCG inoculation unochengetedza chirwere chetachiona muhutu hwakaoma uye haubvumiri zvinetso, zvakadai sevanhu vane chirwere chinotyisa . Mushonga uyu unorega, saka unobvumirwa kune vose vana. Kusanganisira nzvimbovnym, nguva isati yakwana, isina simba, inotambura kubva kuberekwa kusagadzikana uye kurwara. Vacheche vaine kuwedzera mumumvuri we thymus ( thymus gland ), chirwere chejindice uye hyaline membrane chirwere chinobvumirawo zvirwere zvakanaka.
Chirwere chitsva chinorwisa chifukidzo
Nhoroondo yeWorld Health Organization inonyadzisa. Maererano navo, utachiona netsvimbo yaKoch inoparadza munhu wese wechitatu pasi pano. Saka nenzira yakanaka, chirwere chinorwisana nechirwere chetachiona chinodiwa nemunhu wose. Masayendisiti eCanada akagadzira uye ari mukutarisa kuumbwa patsva, iyo inonyanya kuitirwa kuwedzera kushanda kweBGG serum iripo. Chimwe chitsva chinoputirana nechirwere chetachiona chinogadzirisa zvinhu zvose zvemuviri wezvirwere zvezvirwere izvo zvakakwanisa kugadzirisa uye zvakaderera mushure mekutanga kwekudzivirira.
Kuchengetedza kubva muhutachiwana kuvana - "nokuda" uye "kupikisa"
Kunyange zvazvo kubatsirwa kwehutachiona kuri pachena, mumakore achangobva kupfuura vabereki vakawanda vakaramba kuzviita. Chikonzero chikuru chekuramba - BCG vaccination ine migumisiro yakakomba. Vabereki vane vaccided vana vanocherechedza kukurudzirwa kwemakemikari, kuvhiringidza kwema-lymph nodes, kazhinji conjunctivitis, otitis uye bronchitis makore mushure mekudzivirira. Asi iyi haisi kutonga kwechokwadi. Kutaura zvazviri, chirwere chacho chinonyanya kuitika. Uye kana zvinetso zvikaonekwa, zvingopesana nechekusava nekuteererwa ne contraindications, kuiswa kwehutano husina kunaka, mufambiro usina kunaka wehutano.
Kusimbisa kuti kuvharwa kweBBCG kubva kuchirwere chetachiona kunokuvadza, tinonyatsoziva kuti ine formalin, mercury salts, phenol, aluminium hydroxide. Asi ruzivo urwu haruna chikonzero chesayenzi. Sezvimwe chikamu chekudzivirira kune zvikamu zvea causative agent wechirwere, yakakura mu laboratory. Zvakagadzirwa nazvo zvakakwanira kukudziridza utachiona, uye kuipa kwekukuvadza muviri.
Zvirongwa zvekudzivirira kumangwana:
- kudzivirirwa kubva pamhando dzakakura dzechifuva;
- chikamu chiduku chezvinetso;
- kukanganisika kwakanaka kwehutachiona.
Cons:
- shanduro yakaoma yekugadzira chirwere;
- kupora kwenguva refu kwejw.org site;
- kuvepo kwechiitiko chokuti chirwere "hachizozivikanwa" (chitunha hachizogadziri).
Ko inoculation inopesana nehutachiona here?
Kuita zvirwere kwakabudirira uye kusarwadziwa, kunofanira kuitwa nenzira yakarurama. Iyo jekiseni inofanira kunge inofanira kuitwa neyanyanzvi mune laboratory yakagadzirwa. Izvozvi zvigadzirwa zvinotevera zvichadikanwa pakuvhara:
- ampoule nemushonga;
- ampoule ne solvent;
- sirineni chaiyo;
- seringe tuberculin;
- sterile gauze wipes;
- mhinduro yekusuruvara;
- kunononoka (isina kuchena);
- cotton wool.
Kufanana nedzimwe nzira, hutachiona hwehutachiona hunotanga nekudzivirirwa kwemaoko, chimbo. Mushonga wacho unoshandiswa nea solvent uye inopindwa mujirisi. Kurara kwemweya kunoputirwa kunze. Pamberi kwejojo, nzvimbo yejojo inobatwa nedoro. Iyo sindano inorohwa subcutaneously paakona ye 10-15 degrees. Hemukirwo inorwisa chifukidzo haifaniri kuwira mumisungo - izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumubhedha wekutonhora. Pakarepo mushure mekuvhara, murwere anoda kutarisa kwehafu yeawa. Kana panguva iyi pasina maitiro anoratidza, inogona kusunungurwa.
Kuvhara kurwisa chirwere chetachiona - nguva ipi?
Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa, BCG muchipatara ichiitwa mumazuva manomwe mushure mokuberekwa. Kana pane chimwe chikonzero-kunyanya kana pane zvinopesana - hazvibviri kukanganisa, chiremba wevana anoratidza kuifambisa kwemwedzi miviri. Muchiitiko chacho kana chirwere chinorwisana nechirwere chetachiona chinotarisirwa kuvana vakwegura kupfuura mwedzi mitatu, kuongorora kweMantoux kunotarisirwa kare.
Ndeipi inoculation against tuberculosis?
Kuti udzivise uye kuderedze migumisiro yakaipa, zvinokosha kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuiswa kweserum. Kubudirira kwehutano kunoenderana neruoko rakaita jekiseni (kazhinji rakarurama rinosarudzwa). Kuzvidzivirira kubva kuchirwere chetachiona kune vana kunoiswa munzvimbo iyo ganda iri rakanyanya kuderera. Nzvimbo yacho yakasarudzwa sezvinotevera: ruoko rwakagadzirirwa zvikamu zvitatu. Munenge munharaunda yekubatana kwechikamu chepamusoro nechepakati uye mishonga inoshandiswa. Hemukisi yekurwisa tuberculosis muzvitsva inowanzoiswa mumukati wechitatu wepfudzi.
Mukana uyu unoshanda zvakadini nehutachiona?
Mushure mekutangwa kwechirwere, hutachiona hunopera makore 6-7. Vana vakasvika makore manomwe kana gumi nemana vane chirwere chechirwere chinosarudzwa. Kuti uwane kana uchida kupemha mwana kakawanda, isa Mantoux muedzo . Izvo zvinoitika kumushonga unozviratidza pazuva rechitatu. Revaccination kubva muchirwere chetachiona inogadzirirwa chete kune avo vane mienzaniso isina kunaka - mapule inotsvaira uye inowedzera zvikuru muhukuru.
Inoculation kubva muchirwere chetachiona kusvika kune vacheche - kuita
Sezvo mutemo, hapana maitiro anowanikwa pakarepo mushure mejojo. Kuchinja kunowanikwa mushure memwedzi - imwe nehafu mushure mekudzivirira. Panzvimbo iyo chirwere chakakonzerwa nechirwere chetachiona kune mwana achangobva kuberekwa, vanga duku rine pustule rakafukidzwa neganda rinoumbwa pakati. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoporesa uye zvinopera. Kana paine kupodza kwakakwana, iyo yakagadzika inowira yoga, uye panzvimbo yejairo kune shoma shoma-sechivara.
Mushonga weKBCG, wakaitwa muchipatara, unobva shure kwechitenderera, iyo yakareba iyo inogona kusvika kune centimita. Kazhinji inofungidzirwa kana chivara chacho chikaitwa chena uye chinonyangarika mushure memwedzi (zvichienderana nekutarisira kwakakodzera). Usatya zvinhu zvakadai:
- kuvhuvhuta uye kubwinya zvakapoteredza nzvimbo yejojo;
- hufudzi inotanga kutema;
- small abscess;
- kuzvirumbidza munzvimbo yekutarisira chirwere;
- kuwedzera mukushisa (asi kwete kudarika kusvika kusvika 38 degrees).
Zviratidzo izvi zvinoonekwa sezvakanaka, nokuti vanga rinoporesa, uye muviri panguva ino inotungamirira kurwisa kwakanaka kurwisana nemamwe masimba akapinda mairi. Saka pane kusimbiswa kwezvirwere zvemuviri. Kana mushure mekudzivirira chirwere chacho chikapera zvachose, zvinoreva kuti inoculation haigoni, uye kusachengetedzwa kwakasashanda. Zvinokwanisika kuti izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo kwekuberekwa kwekusimba kwechirwere chetachiona. Asi izvi zvinowanikwa mu 2% chete yevanhu.
Kuvhara kurwisa chifukidzo - zvinopesana
Dzimwe nguva chirwere hachigone kuitwa. Kazhinji zvinopesana nevana vane simba rekudzivirirwa mumuviri. Mukuwedzera kune kudzivirirwa kwakaderedza, BCG zvinopesana zvinotevera:
- mwana ane simba pasi pekuberekwa (pasi pe2,5 kg);
- HIV mune amai;
- zvirwere zvisingagumi mukushanda mafomu;
- kuvapo kwekubatana nezvirwere zvitsva musati wasvika;
- hutano (kusanganisa kwechirwere nehama).