Nguva nenguva munhau mune ruzivo rwechirango chemhosva dzakakomba kuburikidza nechirango chekufa. Vanorambidza sei upenyu hwemazuva ano?
Chirango chikuru ndiro chirango chekufa, asi nhasi rakarambidzwa munyika dzakawanda dzenyika, nokuti inoratidzirwa isingatauri. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti dzimwe nyika dzisina kusiya rudzi urwu rwechirango, somuenzaniso, rinoshandiswa muChinese nemaSulumani. Ngatitsvakei kuti ndeapi mhando dzakawanda dzenzira yekufa dzinoshandiswa munyika yanhasi.
1. Isai injection
Iyo nzira, yakagadzirwa muna 1977, inoreva kushandiswa kwegadziriro yezvinyuchi mumuviri. Izvi zvinotevera: munhu akatongerwa akagadziriswa pachigaro chakakosha uye anoisa maviri tubate mumavhuini ake. Chokutanga, thiopental sodium inorohwa mumuviri, iyo inoshandiswa mudiki maitiro panguva yekuvhiyiwa kweanesthesia. Mushure mokunge, chirwere chepvulon chinogadzirwa, chirwere chinoparadza kuputika kwemapfupa, uye potassium chloride, zvichiita kuti kusungwa kwemwoyo kusungwe. Rufu runoitika mushure memaminitsi mashanu kusvika ku18. kubvira pakutanga kwekuuraya. Kune chigadzirwa chakakosha chekushandisa zvinodhaka, asi hachiwanzoshandiswa, zvichifunga kuti hazviitiki. Injodzi dzinouraya dzinoshandiswa sezviurairo muU.SA, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam neChina.
2. Kutaka nematombo
Iyi nzira inotyisa yemurairo wekufa inoshandiswa kune dzimwe nyika dzeMuslim. Maererano nehutano huripo musi waJanuary 1, 1989, gore rokutema mabwe rinotenderwa munyika nhanhatu. Zvinonakidza kuti mutongo wakadaro unowanzoshandiswa kuranga vakadzi avo vakapomerwa nezveupombwe nekuteerera kune varume vavo.
3. Chigaro chegesi
Chigadzirwa chacho chigaro chine mushure wepamusoro uye zvombo zvezvombo, zvakagadzirwa neshoko re dielectric, rine mabhanhire akagadzirirwa kugadzirisa munhu anotongerwa rufu. Murume akapiwa mhosva anogara pachigaro chechigaro uye makumbo ake nemaoko zvakachengetedzwa zvakasimba, uye ngowani chaiyo inoiswa pamusoro wake. Nhamba dzekutumira matanho emagetsi dzakabatanidzwa nechisungo kumakumbo uye hovha. Nyasha yekushandura-step-up, ikozvino kushandiswa kwema-2700 V kunoshandiswa kune avo vanobatana.Azvino inenge inenge 5 A inopinda nepamuviri wemunhu.Izvigaro zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa chete muAmerica uye zvakare mumashanu zvichiti: Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, Tennessee neVirginia.
4. Kudhonza
Nzira yakakurumbira yekuurayiwa, umo kuponda kunowanzoitika nekuda kwekushandisa kwepfuti. Nhamba yevapfuri inowanzotanga kubva pa4 kusvika ku12 12. Murairo yeRussia ndiyo kuurawa kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo chete nzira inobvumirwa yekuurayiwa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mutongo wokupedzisira wekufa muRussian Federation wakaitwa muna 1996. MuChinese, kuurayiwa kunoitwa kubva kumushonga wemashonga kumashure kwekumusoro kumunhu ane mhosva uyo anopfugama. Nguva nenguva munyika ino vanoita pachena, somuenzaniso, kuranga chiokomuhomwe vakuru vakuru. Kupfura ikozvino kunoshandiswa munyika 18.
5. Kudonhedzera
Kuita kuurayiwa, guillotine kana zvinhu zvokucheka-shandiswa zvinoshandiswa: demo, bakatwa uye banga. Zvinonzwisisika kuti rufu runoitika semugumisiro wekuparadzaniswa kwemusoro uye zvinoshamisa kufambira mberi ischemia. Nenzira, nekuda kwekuziva kwako - rufu rweuropi hunoitika mukati memaminitsi mashomanana mushure mokunge musoro wapera. Kuchengeta kunorasikirwa mushure me 300 milliseconds, saka ruzivo rwakakonzerwa nemusoro wakagadziriswa kune zita romunhu uye kunyange akaedza kutaura haisi yechokwadi. Chinhu chimwe chete chinogona kuitika ndiko kuchengetedzwa kwezvimwe zvinoratidzira uye mitsipa yemaviri kwemaminiti akawanda. Kusvika iye zvino, kududzirwa sechirango chekufa kunobvumirwa munyika gumi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kune chokwadi chechokwadi pamusoro pekushandiswa kweiyo nzira chete kuSaudi Arabia.
6. Hanging
Iyi nzira yekuuraya inobva pakuchengetedzwa nemakona pasi pesimba rekukura kwemuviri. Panharaunda yeRussia, vakashandisa iyo munguva yeumambo uye munguva yeHondo Yenyika. Nhasi, nokuda kwekurohwa kwetambo, itsika yekuisa tambo pasi pechikamu chekuruboshwe chemajaya ezasi, izvo zvinopa mukana wakakura wepasipunha kuputsika. MuAmerica, tsvina iri kuiswa shure kwezeve dzekunze, izvo zvinotungamirira kumutsipa wakasimba uye kune dzimwe nguva kubvarura musoro. Nhasi, kurembera kunoshandiswa munyika 19.