Kwemazana emakore madzitateguru edu aisagona kutaurira kuti mwana wavo angave akadini. Tinogara nemwi panguva iyo, nekuda kwekusimudzirwa kwesayenzi, hazvisi zvakaoma kuziva kare mberi kwehutano, ruvara rwevhudzi nemaziso, kugadziriswa kwezvirwere nezvimwe zviitiko zvevana remangwana. Yakava yakakwanisa uye kuziva ruzivo rweropa rwemwana.
Muna 1901, chiremba weAustria, chemistist, immunologist, chirwere chepachirwere chepachirwere Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943) chakaratidza kuvapo kwemapoka mana eropa. Kudzidza chimiro che erythrocytes, akawana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zveAntigen zvezvimhando zviviri (zvikamu), izvo zvakasarudza A uye B. Zvakabuda kuti muropa revanhu vakasiyana aya ma antigen anowanikwa mumakwikwi akasiyana-siyana: munhu mumwe chete ane maantigen chete muchikamu A, mumwe ane B chete , chechitatu - zvose zvikamu, chechina - hazvisi zvachose (masero matsvuku eropa airosayenzi eropa akadanwa se 0). Nokudaro, mapoka mana emaropa akasarudzwa, uye kupatsana kweropa iro pachako kwakatumidzwa zita rokuti AB0 (raverenga "a-be-nol"):
- Ini (0) - pasina maantigen A neB;
- II (A) - antigens A;
- III (AB) - antigens B;
- IV (AB) - antigens A uye B.
Iri sangano rinoshandiswa kusvikira nhasi, uye kuwanikwa nevasayendisiti ekubatana kwemapoka eropa (pamwe nekumwe kusanganiswa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kune "gluing" emasero matsvuku eropa uye nokukurumidza kuvhara ropa, uye mune vamwe - kwete) kubvumirwa kuita nzira yakachengeteka, sekuwedzerwa ropa.
Ndingaziva sei ropa rechechecheche?
Genetic masayendisiti akacherechedza kuti boka reropa nerimwe zviito zvakagarwa nemitemo imwechete - mitemo yeMendel (inonzi zita reAustria botanist Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), uyo ari pakati pe XIX akaronga mitemo yefa). Kutenda kune izvi zvakawanikwa, zvakava nyore kuverenga boka rairo revana iro rakagara nhaka. Maererano nemutemo weMendel, zvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugara kweboka reropa nemwana zvinogona kuonekwa nenzira yetafura:
Kubva patafura pamusoro apa zvakajeka kuti hazvibviri kutsanangura nemazvo zvakakwana, iro boka ravo regazi mwana anowana nhaka. Zvisinei, isu tinogona kutaura nechivimbo pamusoro pemapoka eropa ayo mwana haafaniri kunge ane mai nababa chaivo. Kusiyana nemitemo ndiyo inonzi "Bombay phenomenon". Zvikuru zvisingawanzoitiki (kunyanya muIndia) kune chiitiko apo munhu mujeni ane maantigen A uye B, asi iye pachake haane ropa muropa rake. Munyaya iyi, hazvibviri kutsanangura boka reropa remwana asati aberekwa.
Ropa boka uye Rh chikonzero cheamai nevana
Apo mwana wako anopiwa kuongororwa kweboka reropa, mugumisiro wakanyorwa se "I (0) Rh-", kana "III (B) Rh +", uko Rh ndiyo Rh factor.
The Rh factor is lipoprotein, iripo mumasero matsvuku eropa mu 85% yevanhu (inonzi Rh positive). Nokudaro, 15% yevanhu vane Rh-isina ropa. The Rh factor is inherited all according to the same rules of Mendel. Kuzviziva, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti mwana ane Rh-asina ropa anogona nyore kuonekwa muRh-positive vabereki.
Zvine ngozi kumwana akadai se Rh-conflict. Zvinogona kuitika kana, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, Rh-positive masero matsvuku eropa emucheche anopinda mumuviri weamai vaR Rh-negative. Muviri weamai unotanga kubudisa zvirwere, izvo, kupinda muropa remwana, zvinokonzera chirwere chehemolytic che fetus. Vakadzi vane pamuviri vane zvirwere muropa ravo vanorapwa kusvikira vasununguka.
Madzimai emadzimai nevana vana haadi, asiwo anogona kunge asingabvumirane: kunyanya kana fetus iri boka reVII; uye zvakare apo ndiri muboka I kana III boka uye mumuchechi wechipiri II; mune amai amai I kana II uye muboka re fetus III. Mikana yekusagadzikana kwakadaro yakakwirira kana mai nababa vane majeri akasiyana eropa. Izvozvo ndezvokutanga ropa rudzi rwebaba.