Kana pasina anenge achitaura navo, izvi hazvirevi kuti ivo vanofanira kukanganwa.
Hazvina kumboitika kuti mumwe wenyu mushure mokuverenga nyaya iyi angada kuziva imwe yemitauro iri pasi apa. Kune chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisiki uye chisinganzwisisiki pamusoro pavo, chakadaro zvokuti chinokwezva chero polyglot.
10. Akkadian
Apo yakaonekwa: 2800 BC.
Yakaparara: 500 AD.
General information: lingua franca yeMesopotamiya yekare. Mutauro weAkkadian wakashandisa cuneiform alfabheti yakafanana seSumerian. Pamusoro pazvo zvakanyorwa chikamu cheGilgamesh, nhema yeEnuma naErisha nevamwe vazhinji. Shanduro yemutauro wakafa inofanana nechirongwa chemazana echiArabic.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: vanhu vachava pasi pekufungidzira kukuru apo vaona kuti munogona kuverenga nyore nyore zvifananidzo zvisingazivikanwi kwavari.
Kukanganisa kuidzidza: iwe uchawana zvakaoma kuwana mutauriri.
9. ChiHebheru cheBhaibheri
Apo yakaonekwa: 900 BC.
Akaparara: 70 BC.
Nyaya yakajeka: pane iyo yakanyorwa Testamende Yekare, iyo yakazoshandurirwa muIkare yeGreek kana, sezvainodanwa, yeSeptuagint.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: Bhaibheri rinonyanya kufanana nemazuva ano echiHebheru.
Zvikamu zvekudzidza kwake: hazvisi nyore kutaura nemumwe munhu aripo.
8. Coptic
Apo yakaonekwa: 100 AD.
Yakaparara: 1600 AD.
Nyaya yakajeka: ine mabhuku ose echechi yekutanga yechiKristu, kusanganisira raibhurari yeNag Hammadi, iyo inovaka mazita eEgnostic Evhangeri.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: ichi ndicho chikonzero chekutaura kwechiIjipita, chakasikwa nekushandiswa kwechiGiriki chidimbu, uye zvinonzwika zvinoshamisa.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwake: nhamo, hakuna munhu anotaura naye nekuda kwekuti akamanikidzwa kunze neArabic.
7. Aramaic
Apo yakaonekwa: 700 BC.
Yakaparara: 600 AD.
General information: kwemazana emakore ndiyo ingu franca yeMiddle East. Aramaic inowanzozivikanwa nemutauro waJesu Kristu. Pari pakanyorwa chikamu chikuru cheTalmud, uyewo mabhuku ebhaibheri aDhanieri naEzira.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: hazvisi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva muchiHebheru cheBhaibheri, uye naizvozvo, kana wakadzidza, unogona kuuraya shiri mbiri nedombo rimwe. Kana iwe uchida, fungidzira iwe uri kutaura mutauro waJesu.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwake: paari hapana anotaura, kwete kuverenga zvikamu zvishomanana zveAramaic.
6. Middle English
Apo yakaonekwa: 1200 AD.
Akaparara: 1470 AD.
Nyaya yakawanda: mauri iwe unogona kuverenga zvakasikwa zve "baba vezvinyorwa zveChirungu" Jeffrey Chaucer, Bhaibheri rakashandurwa naWycliffe, pamwe nevana vevana "Robin Hood's Feats", iyo inofungidzirwa kuti ndeyekutanga kwegamba rekare.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: ichi ndicho chikonzero cheChirungu chemazuva ano.
Kukanganisa kwekudzidza ndeiyo: usanowana mumwe munhu akazvipa pachena.
5. Sanskrit
Paakaonekwa: 1500 BC.
Zvose zvinoratidzwa: zvichiripo semutauro wematoriki kana ekereke. Pari pakanyorwa maVedas, akawanda emagwaro. Kwemakore zviuru zvitatu Sanskrit yaiva iyo lingua franca yeHindustan Peninsula. Tsanangudzo yaro ine mazita makumi mashanu.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwake: Sanskrit yakava nheyo yemagwaro echitendero echiHindu, Buddhism uye Jainism.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: chete vaprista uye vagari vemamwe misha mimwe misha vanogona kutaura pamusoro payo.
4. Yekare veEgipita
Apo yakaonekwa: 3400 BC.
Akaparara: 600 BC.
Nyaya yakajeka: iri mumutauro uyu iyo Bhuku revakafa rakanyorwa, uyewo makuva evatongi veEgipita akavezwa.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: mutauro uyu ndeyevaya vanonamata hieroglyphs dzakaoma kunzwisisa
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwake: paari hapana anotaura.
3. Kare veScandinavia
Apo yakaonekwa: 700 CE.
Yakaparara: 1300 AD.
Izwi rinonyanya kuzivikanwa : pairi iro chigadzirwa chemuGermany-Scandinavia mythilogy "Edda", nhamba dzakawanda dzekare dzeIcelandic myths dzakanyorwa. Iyi ndiyo mutauro weVikings. Yakataurwa muScandinavia, neFreee Islands, Iceland, Greenland uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeRussia, France, British Britain. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yakatangira yeIcelandic yemazuva ano.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: mushure mekudzidza yekare yeNorse, unogona kuzviita seViking.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwake: zvinenge pasina munhu achakunzwisisa.
2. ChiLatin
Apo yakaonekwa: 800 BC, iyo inonziwo Renaissance. 75 BC uye nezana remakore rechitatu AD. inonzi ndiyo "yegoridhe" uye "sirivha" yenguva yechiLatini yechiGiriki. Zvadaro nguva yezana remakore rechiLatin yakatanga.
General information: mumutauro wepakutanga unogona kuverenga Cicero, Julius Caesar, Cato, Catullus, Virgil, Ovid, Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, Augustine naTomas Aquinas.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: pakati pemitauro yakafa inonzi inozivikanwa zvikuru.
Nyaya yekudzidza kwake: zvinosuruvarisa, mumagariro evanhu kana mumhupenyu chaiwo pairi hamuna kukurukura. Kunyangwe mumapoka eLatin uye muVatican iwe uchava nemumwe munhu watauri naye.
1. ChiGiriki chekare
Apo yakaonekwa: 800 BC.
Yakaparara: 300 AD.
Nyaya yakawanda: kuziva chiGiriki chekare, unogona kuverenga nyore nyore mabasa aSocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Homer, Herodotus, Euripides, Aristophanes nevamwe vazhinji.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwayo: iwe usangopedzisa izwi rako, wedzera ruzivo rwako, asi iwe uchakwanisawo kuverenga shanduro yekare pamusoro pepabonde yePerist Aristophanes.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kwake: anenge pasina munhu anozvipa pachena.