Chiitiko cheShroud of Turin chinoratidzwa. Mutumbi waKristu wakanga wakaputirwa mukati maro mushure mekufa here?
Masayendisiti achiramba chokwadi chaicho chekuvapo kwaMwari, dzimwe nguva vanotarisana nemisungo, iyo sayenzi isingagoni kuwana tsanangudzo. Kune vanyengeri vanotenda kuti Mutsvene Mutsvene ari muJerusarema inongova mhepo inoputika yemheni, chiitiko chisingazivikanwi chechiKristu chiitiko chinoramba chiri Turin Shroud. Ko chiso chaMusiki kana nyaya yaro yakanyora pamusoro payo - nhau yakaisvonaka yenyaya yebhaibheri?
The Shroud History
Pamusoro peChituro inotaurwa mumabhuku mana eEvhangeri. Mune mabhuku anobva muna Mateo, Mako, Ruka naJohani, ane kukanganisa zvishomanana, zvinonzi pamakona mana emicheka yerineni umo Josefa akaputira mutumbi waJesu Kristu mushure mekunge abviswa pamuchinjikwa. Mushure mekumuka kwezvishamiso kwaKristu, chidimbu chakafanana chejira chakawanikwa mubhokisi. Inonyatsosiyanisa chikwangwani chechimiro chemurume nemavanga ari munzvimbo yetsoka, musoro, maoko uye chifuva.
"Apo manheru akauya, mumwe mupfumi weArimatiya akauya nezita raJosefa, uyo akadzidzawo naJesu; akauya kuna Pirato akakumbira mutumbi waJesu. Ipapo Pirato akarayira kupa muviri. ndokutora mutumbi, Josefa akauputira mumucheka wakachena akauisa mubhokisi rake idzva, raakagadzira padombo; uye, achidururira dombo guru kumusuo webhokisi,
Kutanga kwekutanga kwekuti nyaya yeChitubu - kwete kungofanidza fantasy, yakatsamwiswa nemafambo echechi muByzantium XI yezana. Pakati pevapristi ikoko, aritari inosangana nemufananidzo waKristu - chaizvoizvo, kopi, iyo yemhemberero yekuviga - yakatanga kuva yakakurumbira. Muchechi imwe neimwe yeConstantinople, zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakadaro zvinogona kuwanikwa.
Nguva yekutanga pamusoro pepakutanga yeShroud yeTurin munhau inozivikanwa muna 1353. Chirungu cheFrance Geoffroy de Charney munharaunda yake pedyo neParis inoratidza chifukidzo chekunamatira, achichiratidza achizvipira kune wese uye achitaurira nyaya yechirungu. Muna 1345 akabatanidzwa mukurwisana nejoko reTurkey, uko muhondo akakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yechiKristu mumaoko ake. Geoffrey zvaakawana zvakarongedzwa nemhuri yeumambo: vakavaka kereke yakakomberedza chifukidzo chavo ndokugadzirira pilgrimage kwairi.
Nyanga dzakakwanisa kupfuma nokukurumidza ndokupa chifukidzo kumadzinza apo chiChirungu chakanga chapinda mune imwe nzvimbo. Vakamutora kuSwitzerland uye vakatengeswa zvakanaka kune Dukes of Savoy. Mhuri yakaisvonaka yakakoka nyanzvi kubva kuVatican kuti iongorore chifukidzo. mutongo wavo waiva uyu:
"Chimiro chaicho chisingabatsiri."
Muna 1983 madzishe akaendeswa kuTurin - Vatican yakazova muridzi wayo, uyo makore mazhinji akapfuura akafunga kuti ibhande risina maturo.
Migumisiro inoshamisa yeChingidzidzo yekudzidzira
Saka, shrine ishinda yerineni ine mifananidzo miviri yevarume. Forensics inofunga kuti munhu akavharidzirwa mukati maro ndiye akabatwa nechisimba chinouraya, asati ambotambudzwa nekurohwa. Kune rumwe rutivi chiso chake nemaoko ake akabatanidzwa uye makumbo ake pamwechete. Pane imwe - mushure wemunhu mumwechete ane matambudziko. Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa navo zvakatsigira kuti chirevo chemuviri wacho chakaonekwa apo chitunha chakanga chakavharwa mukati maro.
Iko shanduro yevanopomerwa mhosva yakamanikidzwa kubviswa kubva muraibhurari ine guruva yeVatican zvinyorwa pamusoro pechiitiko chakaitika kumagumo ezana remakore rechina. Mufambi wemifananidzo Secondo Pia akatora mifananidzo mishomanana, uye nekuratidzwa kwemufananidzo wakaipa zvakanyorwa zvakajeka zvaJesu Kristu. Uye, pamusoro payo mavara mashoma echiso ainyanya kuonekwa kupfuura pane chigadziko chairo.
"Pandaishanda nemagariro efirimu iri murima rebazi remifananidzo, ini pakarepo ndakaona kuti chimiro chakanaka chaJesu Kristu chakatanga kuonekwa sei pamapuranga emifananidzo. Kubva panguva iyo, pakanga pasina chigarire kune kufara. Ndakapedza usiku hwose ndichitarisa uye ndakatarisa kaviri kuongorora. Zvose zvakanga zvakafanana neizvi: paTurin Shroud yakanyora mufananidzo wakaipa waJesu Kristu, uye imwe yakanaka inogona kuwanikwa nekuita zvakaipa kubva kuShroud of Turin "
Vanyengeri vakapupura here?
Muna 1988, yakanyora nyaya imwe chete munhoroondo, apo Roma yakabvumira kubvisa chiduku chechifukidzo chekuongorora. Yakapatsanurwa kuva zvikamu zvitatu uye yakatumirwa kumativi akasiyana enyika: University of Arizona, Polytechnic Institute muSwitzerland Zurich uye University of Oxford muUnited Kingdom. Masayendisiti akabvumirana kuti chigadzirwa chacho chakasikwa munguva yepakati pe1275 ne1381 makore. Nzira yekutengesa kwayo, mumaonero avo, inosimbisa kusakwanisa kwezvisikwa zvayo munguva yekare - iyi nzira yakagadzirwa muMiddle Ages. Dzakanga dzisingagadziriswi mumigumisiro yekuongororwa, nokuti yakashandisa teknolojia yezvino: ultraviolet scanning, spectroscopy uye radiocarbon dating.
Zviitiko zvisingatsanangurwi zvakabatana neTurin Shroud
Kukahadzika kukarurama kwemazuva ano masayendisiti, kufunga kwevanyori venhau dzakaitika uye vanochera matongo. Kunyange zvazvo zvigadzirwa zvezvesayenzi zvakaratidza kuti chifukidzo chakaitwa nekotoni, masayendisiti akashaya pfuma inokosha yeiyo machira. Cotton inowanzoora, saka chigadziro chine chinyorwa chakanga chisingazoperi kusvikira nhasi - zvakasiyana nemafuta. Mishonga yose yakagadzirwa muMiddle Ages yakavhenganiswa: yakawedzera mvere kana kamba. Zvine musoro here kune vatengesi kuti vaite mishonga yakakosha yakagadzirwa ne 100% flax?
Iyo chifukidzo chinogona kunzi "yeEvhangeri yeEvhangeri" kana bedzi nokuti kuongorora kunosimbisa kuti mavara paari mavara eropa revanhu. Muhuma, kuonekwa kwejetsiti yeropa revascular kunooneka. Zvinogona kunge zvakabuda kubva korona yeminzwa: mhinzwa yawo yakarova ganda, yakarova uye ikaratidza kubuda ropa. Ropa rakavhenganiswa nemakorikorori akare uye maruva emiti, ayo anowedzera chete munharaunda yePalestina, Turkey neCentral Europe.
Ichokwadi chokuti chifananidzo chacho chinomiririrwa mu toni tsvuku-tsvuku inotsanangurwa nechishamiso chekufunga. Mifananidzo yakafanana inogona kupiwa kumhuka chete nemakemikari ekuchinja kwemashutuko ematokisiko, anowanika apo inopisa kana kupfuura kuburikidza nemirairo ye ultraviolet. Izvi zvakare zvinotsigira chokwadi chokuti Turin Shroud yakapupura kwete chete kufa, asiwo kumuka kwaJesu.
Muna 1997, Shroud yakaratidza simba rayo dzvene. Panguva yekugadzirira kupembererwa kwemakore zana ekutanga kwekuongorora kwesayenzi kwechitemberi cheTurin, moto wakakomba wakaitika. Mumwe wevatongi vemoto akanzwa kuputika kunoshamisa kwesimba. Akakwanisa kuputsa girasi rinopikisa uye gorosi-uchapupu hwe sarcophagus nemucheka pasina basa rakawanda, iro riri kunze kwekutonga kwevanhuwo zvavo. Iwe unogona sei kudana chiitiko ichi, kana kwete nechishamiso cheShiroud of Turin?